NSG 6340 FINAL EXAM 1 EXAM SCRIPT
2026 COMPREHENSIVE Q&A WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
⩥ hypoxia. Answer: condition in which there is insufficient O2 to meet
the metabolic demands of the tissues and cells
⩥ hypoxemia. Answer: deficient amount of oxygen in the blood
⩥ orthopnea. Answer: difficulty breathing when lying down
⩥ dyspnea. Answer: difficult or labored breathing, SOB
⩥ gas exhange. Answer: process by which O2 is transported to cells and
CO2 is transported from cells
⩥ ventilation. Answer: movement of air in and out of the lungs
⩥ perfusion. Answer: The supply of oxygen to and removal of wastes
from the cells and tissues of the body as a result of the flow of blood
through the capillaries.
,⩥ hemoglobin. Answer: carrier of respiratory gases. It combines with a
gas to carry it to and from the cells. Decreased hemoglobin levels reduce
the amount of O2 transported to the cells and CO2 transported away
from the cells
⩥ acidemia. Answer: increases the ability of hemoglobin to release O2
into tissues
⩥ alkalemia. Answer: decreases the ability of hemoglobin to release
oxygen to the tissues
⩥ pain and anxiety. Answer: -affect patient oxygenation.
-assess pain, pulse ox (SpO2) values, LOC, developmental level and
observed behaviors
⩥ treat O2 therapy as a __________________. Answer: -medication
-requires HCP order
-monitor dosage or concentration of O2 and routinely check providers
order to verify the pt is receiving the prescribed O2 concentration
-increasing flow rate is same as doubling asthma or heart meds
⩥ contraindications to O2 therapies. Answer: -certain types of congenital
heart defects and chronic pulmonary diseases should receive O2
sparingly (COPD=increased risk for hypercarbia)
,⩥ hypercarbia. Answer: elevated carbon dioxide levels in the blood
⩥ S&S of acute hypoxia. Answer: -anxiety, apprehension, behavior
changes (early sign)
-increased pulse rate
-dizziness
-fatigue
-dyspnea
-pulse ox less than 90%
-decreased lung sounds
-pallor, cyanotic
-adventitious lung sounds, accessory muscles to breathe, rib retractions
⩥ S&S of acute hypoxia. Answer: -anxiety, apprehension, behavior
changes (early sign)
-increased pulse rate
-dizziness
-fatigue
-dyspnea
-pulse ox less than 90%
-decreased lung sounds
, -pallor, cyanotic
-adventitious lung sounds, accessory muscles to breathe, rib retractions
⩥ selection of O2 delivery system is based on. Answer: -the level of O2
support the pt needs
-the severity of the hypoxia
-the disease process
-other factors such as age and health
⩥ high flow delivery systems. Answer: -discourage entraining room air,
which dilutes the inspired oxygen concentration (FiO2)
-venturi, high flow nasal canulas
⩥ nasal cannula. Answer: Low Flow
1-6 L/min: 24-44%
most common
Adv: safe, simple, inexpensive, does not impede eating or talking
Disadv: unable to use w/nasal obstruction, dries membranes, can
dislodge, irritates nares, breathing pattern affects FiO2
⩥ O2 conserving cannula (oxymizer). Answer: low flow
8L/min: up to 30-60%
2026 COMPREHENSIVE Q&A WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
⩥ hypoxia. Answer: condition in which there is insufficient O2 to meet
the metabolic demands of the tissues and cells
⩥ hypoxemia. Answer: deficient amount of oxygen in the blood
⩥ orthopnea. Answer: difficulty breathing when lying down
⩥ dyspnea. Answer: difficult or labored breathing, SOB
⩥ gas exhange. Answer: process by which O2 is transported to cells and
CO2 is transported from cells
⩥ ventilation. Answer: movement of air in and out of the lungs
⩥ perfusion. Answer: The supply of oxygen to and removal of wastes
from the cells and tissues of the body as a result of the flow of blood
through the capillaries.
,⩥ hemoglobin. Answer: carrier of respiratory gases. It combines with a
gas to carry it to and from the cells. Decreased hemoglobin levels reduce
the amount of O2 transported to the cells and CO2 transported away
from the cells
⩥ acidemia. Answer: increases the ability of hemoglobin to release O2
into tissues
⩥ alkalemia. Answer: decreases the ability of hemoglobin to release
oxygen to the tissues
⩥ pain and anxiety. Answer: -affect patient oxygenation.
-assess pain, pulse ox (SpO2) values, LOC, developmental level and
observed behaviors
⩥ treat O2 therapy as a __________________. Answer: -medication
-requires HCP order
-monitor dosage or concentration of O2 and routinely check providers
order to verify the pt is receiving the prescribed O2 concentration
-increasing flow rate is same as doubling asthma or heart meds
⩥ contraindications to O2 therapies. Answer: -certain types of congenital
heart defects and chronic pulmonary diseases should receive O2
sparingly (COPD=increased risk for hypercarbia)
,⩥ hypercarbia. Answer: elevated carbon dioxide levels in the blood
⩥ S&S of acute hypoxia. Answer: -anxiety, apprehension, behavior
changes (early sign)
-increased pulse rate
-dizziness
-fatigue
-dyspnea
-pulse ox less than 90%
-decreased lung sounds
-pallor, cyanotic
-adventitious lung sounds, accessory muscles to breathe, rib retractions
⩥ S&S of acute hypoxia. Answer: -anxiety, apprehension, behavior
changes (early sign)
-increased pulse rate
-dizziness
-fatigue
-dyspnea
-pulse ox less than 90%
-decreased lung sounds
, -pallor, cyanotic
-adventitious lung sounds, accessory muscles to breathe, rib retractions
⩥ selection of O2 delivery system is based on. Answer: -the level of O2
support the pt needs
-the severity of the hypoxia
-the disease process
-other factors such as age and health
⩥ high flow delivery systems. Answer: -discourage entraining room air,
which dilutes the inspired oxygen concentration (FiO2)
-venturi, high flow nasal canulas
⩥ nasal cannula. Answer: Low Flow
1-6 L/min: 24-44%
most common
Adv: safe, simple, inexpensive, does not impede eating or talking
Disadv: unable to use w/nasal obstruction, dries membranes, can
dislodge, irritates nares, breathing pattern affects FiO2
⩥ O2 conserving cannula (oxymizer). Answer: low flow
8L/min: up to 30-60%
