NURS 5433 FAMILY II: Infectious
Diseases/Renal/Urologic Study Guide (Updated
2026/2027 Syllabus)
Section 1: Infectious Diseases (Adult & Family)
1. A 45-year-old patient presents with fever, cough, and rusty sputum. Chest X-ray
shows lobar consolidation. What is the most likely causative organism?
ANSWER ✓ Streptococcus pneumoniae
2. What is the first-line antibiotic treatment for uncomplicated community-
acquired pneumonia in a previously healthy adult?
ANSWER ✓ Doxycycline or a macrolide (azithromycin)
3. A patient with diabetes presents with a swollen, erythematous, painful lower leg
with indistinct margins. What is the most likely diagnosis and initial antibiotic
coverage?
ANSWER ✓ Cellulitis; coverage for Streptococcus and Staphylococcus (e.g., cephalexin)
4. What are the CDC-recommended medications for post-exposure prophylaxis
(PEP) for HIV, and when should it be started?
ANSWER ✓ *Tenofovir/emtricitabine + raltegravir (or dolutegravir); within 72 hours,
ideally within 2 hours*
5. A patient with influenza presents within 48 hours of symptom onset. What
antiviral is indicated?
ANSWER ✓ Oseltamivir (Tamiflu)
6. What are the three most common causes of urinary tract infections (UTIs) in
adults?
ANSWER ✓ E. coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus saprophyticus
7. What is the preferred antibiotic for an uncomplicated UTI in a non-pregnant
adult woman?
ANSWER ✓ Nitrofurantoin or trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (if no resistance)
8. Describe the treatment for Clostridioides difficile infection (first occurrence,
non-severe).
ANSWER ✓ Vancomycin or fidaxomicin
, 9. A patient presents with a tick bite and a bull’s-eye rash. What is the diagnosis
and first-line treatment?
ANSWER ✓ Lyme disease (erythema migrans); doxycycline
10. What vaccines are recommended for adults aged 65 and older?
ANSWER ✓ *High-dose influenza, PCV20 or PCV15 followed by PPSV23, RSV, shingles
(RZV), and COVID-19*
11. What is the gold standard diagnostic test for active tuberculosis?
ANSWER ✓ Sputum culture for Mycobacterium tuberculosis
12. A patient with HIV has a CD4 count <200 cells/mm³. What opportunistic
infection prophylaxis is indicated?
ANSWER ✓ Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole for Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP)
13. What are the signs of sepsis requiring immediate intervention?
ANSWER ✓ *Hypotension, tachypnea, altered mental status, elevated lactate (>2
mmol/L)*
14. What is the recommended treatment for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus
aureus (MRSA) skin infection?
ANSWER ✓ Oral trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole or doxycycline
15. How is infectious mononucleosis diagnosed?
ANSWER ✓ Positive heterophile antibody test (Monospot) or EBV-specific antibodies
Section 2: Renal Disorders
16. A patient has elevated BUN and creatinine. What is the best measure of renal
function?
ANSWER ✓ Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR)
17. What are the three main categories of acute kidney injury (AKI)?
ANSWER ✓ Prerenal, intrinsic renal, postrenal
18. A patient with diabetes and hypertension has proteinuria >3.5 g/day and
hypoalbuminemia. What is the likely renal diagnosis?
ANSWER ✓ Nephrotic syndrome
Diseases/Renal/Urologic Study Guide (Updated
2026/2027 Syllabus)
Section 1: Infectious Diseases (Adult & Family)
1. A 45-year-old patient presents with fever, cough, and rusty sputum. Chest X-ray
shows lobar consolidation. What is the most likely causative organism?
ANSWER ✓ Streptococcus pneumoniae
2. What is the first-line antibiotic treatment for uncomplicated community-
acquired pneumonia in a previously healthy adult?
ANSWER ✓ Doxycycline or a macrolide (azithromycin)
3. A patient with diabetes presents with a swollen, erythematous, painful lower leg
with indistinct margins. What is the most likely diagnosis and initial antibiotic
coverage?
ANSWER ✓ Cellulitis; coverage for Streptococcus and Staphylococcus (e.g., cephalexin)
4. What are the CDC-recommended medications for post-exposure prophylaxis
(PEP) for HIV, and when should it be started?
ANSWER ✓ *Tenofovir/emtricitabine + raltegravir (or dolutegravir); within 72 hours,
ideally within 2 hours*
5. A patient with influenza presents within 48 hours of symptom onset. What
antiviral is indicated?
ANSWER ✓ Oseltamivir (Tamiflu)
6. What are the three most common causes of urinary tract infections (UTIs) in
adults?
ANSWER ✓ E. coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus saprophyticus
7. What is the preferred antibiotic for an uncomplicated UTI in a non-pregnant
adult woman?
ANSWER ✓ Nitrofurantoin or trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (if no resistance)
8. Describe the treatment for Clostridioides difficile infection (first occurrence,
non-severe).
ANSWER ✓ Vancomycin or fidaxomicin
, 9. A patient presents with a tick bite and a bull’s-eye rash. What is the diagnosis
and first-line treatment?
ANSWER ✓ Lyme disease (erythema migrans); doxycycline
10. What vaccines are recommended for adults aged 65 and older?
ANSWER ✓ *High-dose influenza, PCV20 or PCV15 followed by PPSV23, RSV, shingles
(RZV), and COVID-19*
11. What is the gold standard diagnostic test for active tuberculosis?
ANSWER ✓ Sputum culture for Mycobacterium tuberculosis
12. A patient with HIV has a CD4 count <200 cells/mm³. What opportunistic
infection prophylaxis is indicated?
ANSWER ✓ Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole for Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP)
13. What are the signs of sepsis requiring immediate intervention?
ANSWER ✓ *Hypotension, tachypnea, altered mental status, elevated lactate (>2
mmol/L)*
14. What is the recommended treatment for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus
aureus (MRSA) skin infection?
ANSWER ✓ Oral trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole or doxycycline
15. How is infectious mononucleosis diagnosed?
ANSWER ✓ Positive heterophile antibody test (Monospot) or EBV-specific antibodies
Section 2: Renal Disorders
16. A patient has elevated BUN and creatinine. What is the best measure of renal
function?
ANSWER ✓ Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR)
17. What are the three main categories of acute kidney injury (AKI)?
ANSWER ✓ Prerenal, intrinsic renal, postrenal
18. A patient with diabetes and hypertension has proteinuria >3.5 g/day and
hypoalbuminemia. What is the likely renal diagnosis?
ANSWER ✓ Nephrotic syndrome
