TCDHA PERIODONTICS MIDTERM EXAM STUDY
GUIDE 2026 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
GRADED A+
◉ innate system. Answer: -present at birth
-not antigen specific
-present at all times
-does not improve with
repeated exposure to infectious agent
◉ adaptive immune system. Answer: -develops throughout life
-antigen specific
-lag time between infection and response
-memory develops- provides lifelong immunity to reinfection
◉ immune response. Answer: defend the life of the individual - by
identifying foreign substances in body and developing defence
against them
◉ host response. Answer: The way that an individual's body
responds to an infection
,◉ leukocytes. Answer: -act like independent single-cell organisms
-can move through tissues and capture micro-organisms on their
own
-2 types important in perio disease: PMNs, Moncytes/macrophages
◉ phagocytosis. Answer: process by which leukocytes engulf and
digest microorganisms
◉ polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Answer: (PMNs)
-neutrophils
- rapid responders- 1st line of defence
- capture/ destroy bacterial invaders
-short-lived
◉ what attracts leukocytes to an infection site. Answer: PMNs are
attracted to bacteria by chemotaxis
◉ lysosomes. Answer: strong bactericidal and digestive enzymes in
PMN
-perio pathogens are effectively destroyed by PMNs
◉ monocytes/macrophages. Answer: monocytes:in the bloodstream
macrophages: in the tissues
, -slower to arrive at infection site than PMNs
-surround/destroy bacteria
-long-lived cells in chronic inflammation
◉ lymphocytes. Answer: small leukocytes- help defend body
2 types: B cells, t cells
◉ B lymphocytes. Answer: B Cells
makes antibodies and pour into bloodstream
2 types: plasma/ memory b cells
◉ antibodies. Answer: y shaped proteins
y binds w outside of b celll
-other end of y binds to a MO and kills it
◉ antibodies. Answer: are known collectively as immunoglobulins
◉ T lymphocytes. Answer: T cells
intensify the response of other immune cells to bacterial invasion
GUIDE 2026 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
GRADED A+
◉ innate system. Answer: -present at birth
-not antigen specific
-present at all times
-does not improve with
repeated exposure to infectious agent
◉ adaptive immune system. Answer: -develops throughout life
-antigen specific
-lag time between infection and response
-memory develops- provides lifelong immunity to reinfection
◉ immune response. Answer: defend the life of the individual - by
identifying foreign substances in body and developing defence
against them
◉ host response. Answer: The way that an individual's body
responds to an infection
,◉ leukocytes. Answer: -act like independent single-cell organisms
-can move through tissues and capture micro-organisms on their
own
-2 types important in perio disease: PMNs, Moncytes/macrophages
◉ phagocytosis. Answer: process by which leukocytes engulf and
digest microorganisms
◉ polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Answer: (PMNs)
-neutrophils
- rapid responders- 1st line of defence
- capture/ destroy bacterial invaders
-short-lived
◉ what attracts leukocytes to an infection site. Answer: PMNs are
attracted to bacteria by chemotaxis
◉ lysosomes. Answer: strong bactericidal and digestive enzymes in
PMN
-perio pathogens are effectively destroyed by PMNs
◉ monocytes/macrophages. Answer: monocytes:in the bloodstream
macrophages: in the tissues
, -slower to arrive at infection site than PMNs
-surround/destroy bacteria
-long-lived cells in chronic inflammation
◉ lymphocytes. Answer: small leukocytes- help defend body
2 types: B cells, t cells
◉ B lymphocytes. Answer: B Cells
makes antibodies and pour into bloodstream
2 types: plasma/ memory b cells
◉ antibodies. Answer: y shaped proteins
y binds w outside of b celll
-other end of y binds to a MO and kills it
◉ antibodies. Answer: are known collectively as immunoglobulins
◉ T lymphocytes. Answer: T cells
intensify the response of other immune cells to bacterial invasion
