BIOL133 Ch 12-15 exam 3_ Questions and Answers_ graded A already - American Public University.

BIOL133 Fall 2025 Exam 3: Chapters 12-15 Question 1 (2.5 points) Why is working with linked genes not simple? Question 1 options: potential of crossing over in meiosis I potential of independent assortment in meiosis I they reside on different chromosomes one gene often masks the other gene Question 2 (2.5 points) Prokaryotes are able to perform transcription and translation at the same time because they lack Question 2 options: ribosomes a nucleus a plasma membrane plasmids transcription bubbles Question 3 (2.5 points) The allele for widows peak (H) is dominant for the allele for no widows peak (h). At a different gene locus, the allele for hitchhikers thumb (D) is dominant to the allele for non-hitchhikers thumb (d). A man is heterozygote for the traits and marries a woman who has no widows peak and is heterozygote for hitchhikers thumb. What is the man's genotype? Question 3 options:BIOL133 Fall 2025 Exam 3: Chapters 12-15 HHDD HhDd HHdd hhDD hhdd Question 4 (2.5 points) In a monohybrid cross, the offspring would be what genotypes? Select all that apply. Question 4 options: Homozygous recessive Homozygous dominant Heterozygotes None of the above Question 5 (2.5 points) A child contains what proportion of their parent's genetic makeup? Question 5 options: 33:67 25:75 50:50 40:60 Question 6 (2.5 points)BIOL133 Fall 2025 Exam 3: Chapters 12-15 An organism with nonfunctioning telomerase Question 6 options: would be unaffected cannot replicate DNA and RNA would have shorten chromosomes earlier than normal cells would be unable to synthesize proteins would be unable to go through mitosis Question 7 (2.5 points) What does a spliceosome remove from pre-mRNA during the process of splicing? Question 7 options: introns exons spliceons 7-methlyguanosine poly-A tail Question 8 (2.5 points) The part of the gene that is designated as +1 is also known as Question 8 options: the start codon the initiation siteBIOL133 Fall 2025 Exam 3: Chapters 12-15 the nontemplate strand rho-dependent termination Question 9 (2.5 points) Nondisjunction during meiosis I will result in ________. Question 9 options: n n-1 n+1 n+1 and n-1 n, n-1, and n+1 Question 10 (2.5 points) Comb shape in chickens. Rose (A) is dominant over nonrose (a). Pea (B) is dominant over nonpea (b). Dominants for rose and pea produce a walnut comb. Homozygous for rose and pea produce a single comb. This describes Question 10 options: epistasis polygenic pleiotropy hemizygosity dominance Question 11 (2.5 points)BIOL133 Fall 2025 Exam 3: Chapters 12-15 Where is the promoter sequence TATAAT located? Question 11 options: +35 +10 +1 -1 -10 -35 Question 12 (2.5 points) Your study partner is confused. “I thought Watson and Crick discovered genes – who are all these other people?” Help out by matching each discovery with the scientist(s) who made it. Question 12 options: DNA has a double helical structure. ____4____ Genes nearby on a chromosomes are linked, but can become unlinked by recombination. ___3_____ Genes are carried on chromosomes. ______2__ Developed a technique for predicting the outcome of crosses. ____5____ Traits arise from discrete units that remain unchanged even 1. Mendel 2. Sutton and Boveri 3. Morgan 4. Watson and Crick 5. PunnettBIOL133 Fall 2025 Exam 3: Chapters 12-15 when not exhibited. ____1____ Question 13 (2.5 points) Why do bacteria not need telomerase? Question 13 options: Bacteria have a similar functioning enzyme Bacteria do not go through cell division Bacteria have circular DNA Bacteria cannot produce RNA The lifespan of bacteria are short Question 14 (2.5 points) A mutation changing an alanine to a glycine would likely have little effect on the protein function since they are both small, ________, amino acids. Question 14 options: positive nonpolar negative charged polar Question 15 (2.5 points) For DNA polymerase to begin replication, the primer used in Sanger sequencingBIOL133 Fall 2025 Exam 3: Chapters 12-15 Question 15 options: can have any nucleotide sequence will have a complementary sequence to the 3 ׳end will have a complementary sequence to the 5 ׳end Question 16 (2.5 points) Some scientists have proposed that the earliest forms of life may have existed in an "RNA World" where RNA was both the genetic material and responsible for enzymatic activity. Imagine that you have recreated such a life form. What would demonstrate that RNA, but not protein or DNA, is necessary and sufficient for these functions? Question 16 options: The organism lives and replicates despite RNase and DNase treatment, but the organism dies when treated with protease. The organism lives and replicates despite protease and DNase treatment, but the organism dies when treated with RNase. The organism lives and replicates despite protease treatment, but the organism dies when treated with DNase and RNase. The organism lives and replicates despite DNase treatment, but the organism dies when treated with RNase and protease. Question 17 (2.5 points) Which direction is the template DNA read by the RNA polymerase? Question 17 options: 5' - 3' upstreamBIOL133 Fall 2025 Exam 3: Chapters 12-15 downstream 3'- 5' Question 18 (2.5 points) What best describes the human karyotype? Question 18 options: 42 pairs of autosomes one pair of sex chromosomes and 23 pairs of autosomes X chromosomes and 22 pairs of autosomes One pair of sex chromosomes and 22 pairs of autosomes Question 19 (2.5 points) Mature tRNA has an amino acid binding site at one end and the other end interacts with the mRNA by complementary base pairing due to the ________. Question 19 options: start codon anitcodon initiation site promoter Question 20 (2.5 points) Why did Mendel's work go unnoticed? Question 20 options:BIOL133 Fall 2025 Exam 3: Chapters 12-15 The scientific community believed new traits develop through mutation The scientific community believed new traits developed through blending of traits from parents. The scientific community believed dominant traits would always mask recessive traits The scientific community believed that physical characteristics were dependent on many genes interacting. The scientific community believed that traits are inherited in distinct groups. Question 21 (2.5 points) The number of different stop codons is ________? Question 21 options: one two three twenty sixty four Question 22 (2.5 points) Low pitched male voices (RR) and a high pitched male voice (rr). Heterozygotes have a baritone voice. This is an example of _________. Question 22 options: incomplete dominance codominanceBIOL133 Fall 2025 Exam 3: Chapters 12-15 Mendelian genetics (dominance and recessive multiple alleles Question 23 (2.5 points) Which amino acid can sometimes be present at the P site without first entering the A site of the ribosome? Question 23 options: alanine leucine tryptophan methionine Question 24 (2.5 points) ________ found in the -10 sequence makes it easier for the DNA to separate. Question 24 options: G-C base pairs Template strands Non-template strands A-T base pairs Start codons Question 25 (2.5 points) A mutation causes a codon to change from UAC to UAU, both of which specify tyrosine. This is an example of Question 25 options:BIOL133 Fall 2025 Exam 3: Chapters 12-15 a frameshift mutation missense mutation silent mutation nonsense mutation Question 26 (2.5 points) Frameshift mutations occur when Question 26 options: bases are added or deleted there is an amino acid substitution there is a transition substitution transversion substitution Question 27 (2.5 points) Due to a random error by the aminoacyl tRNA synthetase, a tRNAVal was misloaded with Ile. What do you predict will result? Question 27 options: One protein will get Val inserted where Ile was supposed to go, leading to minor structural change in the protein. One protein will get Ile inserted where Val was supposed to go, leading to major structural changes in the protein. One protein will get Ile inserted where Val was supposed to go, leading to minor structural change in the protein. The cell's proteins will get Ile and Val inserted in the wrong places, leading to major structural changes in the proteins.BIOL133 Fall 2025 Exam 3: Chapters 12-15 Question 28 (2.5 points) If a human has straight hair or curly hair they are homozygous for that trait. Given an individual with wavy hair who is heterozygous (meaning they inherited the curly hair trait from one parent, and the straight hair trait from the other), but are phenotypically wavy-haired, this is an example of what type of genetic expression? Question 28 options: Mendelian genetics (dominance and recessive) incomplete dominance codominance multiple alleles Question 29 (2.5 points) Telomerase uses an internal RNA template composed of a repeated sequence complementary to the RNA template. These help lengthen the telomeres. Question 29 options: True False Question 30 (2.5 points) Combination of alleles that independently assort is usually higher than the number of chromosomes because Question 30 options: crossing overBIOL133 Fall 2025 Exam 3: Chapters 12-15 segregation jumping genes gene linkage translocation Question 31 (2.5 points) The codon AUG specifies the amino acid methionine. What would the tRNA anitcodon be that recognizes this codon? Question 31 options: UAC GUA AUG GCA Question 32 (2.5 points) What is the difference between a karyotype and a karyogram? Question 32 options: Karyotypes and karyograms are terms that are used interchangeably to describe chromosome mapping Karyotypes describe the number of chromosomes and what they look like (size bands and centromere placement). Karyograms is the study of the whole set of chromosomes arranged in pairs by size, and position of the centromere Karyograms describe the number of chromosomes and what they look like (size bands and centromere placement). Karyotypes is the study of the whole set of chromosomes arranged in pairs by size, and position of the centromereBIOL133 Fall 2025 Exam 3: Chapters 12-15 Karyotypes are unstained chromosomes in interphase or prophase. Karyograms are stained chromosomes from metaphase Question 33 (2.5 points) For her science fair project, your little sister replicated one of Mendel's experiments. From a P0 pea plant with purple flowers and a pea plant with white flowers, she got 1 purple F1 hybrid (she had forgotten to water, so just one survived). From this self-fertilized F1 she got 8 F2 offspring. 7 were purple and 1 was white, for a 7:1 ratio. Did your little sister just disprove Mendel's laws? Question 33 options: Yes. This, and other examples of non-Mendelian genetics demonstrate that Mendel's Laws are actually incorrect and misleading. No. When another pea pod forms on the plant, that will bring the numbers up to the correct 9:3, or 3:1 ratio No. Dehydrating the parent caused Lamarckian selection on the offspring. No. Random chance can cause deviations in the ratio of small numbers of progeny. Question 34 (2.5 points) A karyogram that contains 23 pairs of chromosomes with a different pair for the 23rd pair would describe a(n) Question 34 options: autosomal pair male female disorder Question 35 (2.5 points)BIOL133 Fall 2025 Exam 3: Chapters 12-15 What is the process of ribosomes making proteins? Question 35 options: translation replication transcription mutation Question 36 (2.5 points) If a DNA sample from an unknown organism has telomerase, the organism Question 36 options: Will have a single origin of replication Is prokaryotic Has circular DNA Is eukaryotic Is bacteria Question 37 (2.5 points) Why do so many geneticists focus on studying yeast, fruit flies, nematodes, mice or the small plant Arabidopsis? Question 37 options: These pest organisms result in millions of dollars of damage and hurt the economy. They are ideal for modeling human disease since they have all the same organs. They have multiple features that allow for cheap, fast and efficient manipulation ofBIOL133 Fall 2025 Exam 3: Chapters 12-15 genes and chromosomes. They are some of the few organisms in which mutations can be generated. Question 38 (2.5 points) Nondisjunction during meiosis II will result in ________. Question 38 options: n n-1 n+1 n+1 and n-1 n,n-1 and n+1 Question 39 (2.5 points) Many cancers are often associated with ________ Question 39 options: deletion duplication translocation transposition inversion Question 40 (2.5 points)BIOL133 Fall 2025 Exam 3: Chapters 12-15 One of your young pediatric patients was discovered to have a mutation in a gene involved in nucleotide excision repair. What is the best recommendation you can make to the parents? Question 40 options: Discourage her from using tanning beds when she gets older, and put sunscreen on when she will be out in the summer sun for more than a few hours. She should eat lots of fresh fruits and vegetables so her body can produce extra DNA on a regular basis. Be sure she wears sun protective gear and sunscreen every day, avoids sunlight, and takes a Vitamin D supplement. Discourage her from smoking cigarettes when she is older.