Florence Nightingale
Founder of modern nursing, differentiated nursing from medicine
Clara Barton
Volunteered to care for wounds and feed Union soldiers during the Civil War; served as the
supervisor of nurses for the Army of the James, organizing hospitals and nurses; established the
Red Cross in the United States in 1882
Dorthea Dix
recruiting corps of army nurses, crusader for mentally ill
Linda Richards
America's first trained nurse, night superintendent Bellevue, keeping records and order writing
Lillian Wald
nursing service for sick and poor public health nursing
Mary Elizabeth Mahoney
Graduated from the New England Hospital for Women and Children in 1879 as America's first
African American nurse
Harrit Tubman
"the Moses of her people" because of her courageous rescues of hundreds of slaves on the
Underground Railroad; a living symbol of the resistance of African Americans to slavery in the
United States. nurse and abolitionist
Sojourner Truth
. Provided nursing care to soldiers during the Civil War and worked for the women's movement
Mary Breckinridge
Established the Frontier Nursing Service
Margaret Sanger
1921 - founded American Birth Control League; which became Planned Parenthood in the
1940s. Advocated birth control awareness.
ANA defines nursing as