NURS 265 EXAM 3 REVIEW
QUESTIONS WITH 100% VERIFIED
ANSWERS
Hydrocephalus - Answer-Patho: Impaired absorption in CSF, or Obstruction of flow of
CSF, causing build up in the brain
Treatment: placement of a shunt, can be temporary or permanent, external or internal
Complications of shunt: Infection(most serious/common, look for change in LOC),
Malfunction from obstruction, may need replacement as child grows
Spina Bifida - Answer-Patho: congenital neural tube defect that affects the head and
spinal column, most common developmental disorder, linked to folic acid during
pregnancy, direct cause is unknown
Clinical Manifestations: dependent on location, and damage to spinal cord; paralysis,
scoliosis, or kyphosis, incontinence, anesthesia of skin
Spina Bifida Pre-op/Post-op - Answer-Pre-op: Prone position with sterile dressing
moistened with NS, Keep urine & feces away, roll between knees with hips flexed to
decrease pressure on the sac
Post-op: prone or side-lying until incision starts to heal, treat with antibiotics watch
closely for infection, monitor for hydrocephalus, avoid contamination
LATEX PRECAUTIONS
Cerebral Palsy - Answer-Patho: Occurs secondary to white matter insult in prenatal,
perinatal, or postnatal period up to 2 years of age(majority during prenatal period)
Manifestations: Spastic, Ataxic, Dyskinetic
GOAL: Therapy that helps the child develop to a maximum level of independence and
ability to perform ADL's
Cerebral palsy Nursing Management - Answer-1. Assessment/Diagnosis: earlier the
better
2. Adequate Nutrition: R/t hypotonia, weak GI peristalsis and absorption leads to
malnutrition, problems chewing later in disease, most have feeding tube
3.Maintain Skin integrity
4. Promote physical mobility
5. Promote safety
6.Promote growth and development
7. Foster parental knowledge
8.Provide emotional support
, Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip(DDH) - Answer-Patho: femoral head & the
acetabulum are improperly aligned
Clinical manifestations: limited abduction, asymmetry of gluteal and thigh folds, in
walking children limping or waddling
Diagnosis: ultrasound but not until after 6 weeks of age, X-ray done at 4-6 months of
age
Child will reach developmental milestones, but may lead to severe early degenerative
hip arthritis
Treatment: Pavlik harness if less than 6 months of age, (place shirt under to prevent
skin irritation), After 6 months of age use plastic cruiser brace that allows children to
crawl and walk; closed reduction with hip spica cast for 6-8 weeks may be needed in
child older than 18 months
Cast Care - Answer-After cast is applied elevate above heart to reduce swelling and
increase venous return, assess distal pulses, check fingers/toes for color, warmth,
capillary refill, & edema, sensation and movement
Keep clean & dry
Scoliosis - Answer-Patho: Curve more than 10 degrees, abnormal, early detection
essential to treatment, goal is to limit and stop the progression
Braces: Exercise=10-20 degrees
Milwaukee= 20-40 degrees
Surgery= >40 degrees
Scoliosis: Screening - Answer-Physical assessment
Head midline, shoulders same height, same space between arms and both sides, hips
same height.
Traction Nursing Considerations - Answer-Skin integrity, altered tissue perfusion, risk
for peripheral dysfunction, pain management, impaired gas exchange, risk for injury,
complications of immobility
Osteomyilitis - Answer-Patho: infection of the bone
MOT: bloodstream, penetration
Clinical Manifestations: pain, tenderness with swelling, decreased mobility, redness,
fever
Treatment: IV broad spectrum antibiotics, usually 6 weeks in length, switch to oral
antibiotics
Osteogenesis Imperfecta - Answer-Patho: referred to "brittle bone syndrome" caused by
a connective tissue disorder
Clinical manifestations: Fragile bones, blue sclera, & early deafness
Treatment: no cure, Growth hormone to closed growth plates, this hardens bones and
makes fractures less of an issure- avoided until puberty so child can grow to maximum
adult height
QUESTIONS WITH 100% VERIFIED
ANSWERS
Hydrocephalus - Answer-Patho: Impaired absorption in CSF, or Obstruction of flow of
CSF, causing build up in the brain
Treatment: placement of a shunt, can be temporary or permanent, external or internal
Complications of shunt: Infection(most serious/common, look for change in LOC),
Malfunction from obstruction, may need replacement as child grows
Spina Bifida - Answer-Patho: congenital neural tube defect that affects the head and
spinal column, most common developmental disorder, linked to folic acid during
pregnancy, direct cause is unknown
Clinical Manifestations: dependent on location, and damage to spinal cord; paralysis,
scoliosis, or kyphosis, incontinence, anesthesia of skin
Spina Bifida Pre-op/Post-op - Answer-Pre-op: Prone position with sterile dressing
moistened with NS, Keep urine & feces away, roll between knees with hips flexed to
decrease pressure on the sac
Post-op: prone or side-lying until incision starts to heal, treat with antibiotics watch
closely for infection, monitor for hydrocephalus, avoid contamination
LATEX PRECAUTIONS
Cerebral Palsy - Answer-Patho: Occurs secondary to white matter insult in prenatal,
perinatal, or postnatal period up to 2 years of age(majority during prenatal period)
Manifestations: Spastic, Ataxic, Dyskinetic
GOAL: Therapy that helps the child develop to a maximum level of independence and
ability to perform ADL's
Cerebral palsy Nursing Management - Answer-1. Assessment/Diagnosis: earlier the
better
2. Adequate Nutrition: R/t hypotonia, weak GI peristalsis and absorption leads to
malnutrition, problems chewing later in disease, most have feeding tube
3.Maintain Skin integrity
4. Promote physical mobility
5. Promote safety
6.Promote growth and development
7. Foster parental knowledge
8.Provide emotional support
, Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip(DDH) - Answer-Patho: femoral head & the
acetabulum are improperly aligned
Clinical manifestations: limited abduction, asymmetry of gluteal and thigh folds, in
walking children limping or waddling
Diagnosis: ultrasound but not until after 6 weeks of age, X-ray done at 4-6 months of
age
Child will reach developmental milestones, but may lead to severe early degenerative
hip arthritis
Treatment: Pavlik harness if less than 6 months of age, (place shirt under to prevent
skin irritation), After 6 months of age use plastic cruiser brace that allows children to
crawl and walk; closed reduction with hip spica cast for 6-8 weeks may be needed in
child older than 18 months
Cast Care - Answer-After cast is applied elevate above heart to reduce swelling and
increase venous return, assess distal pulses, check fingers/toes for color, warmth,
capillary refill, & edema, sensation and movement
Keep clean & dry
Scoliosis - Answer-Patho: Curve more than 10 degrees, abnormal, early detection
essential to treatment, goal is to limit and stop the progression
Braces: Exercise=10-20 degrees
Milwaukee= 20-40 degrees
Surgery= >40 degrees
Scoliosis: Screening - Answer-Physical assessment
Head midline, shoulders same height, same space between arms and both sides, hips
same height.
Traction Nursing Considerations - Answer-Skin integrity, altered tissue perfusion, risk
for peripheral dysfunction, pain management, impaired gas exchange, risk for injury,
complications of immobility
Osteomyilitis - Answer-Patho: infection of the bone
MOT: bloodstream, penetration
Clinical Manifestations: pain, tenderness with swelling, decreased mobility, redness,
fever
Treatment: IV broad spectrum antibiotics, usually 6 weeks in length, switch to oral
antibiotics
Osteogenesis Imperfecta - Answer-Patho: referred to "brittle bone syndrome" caused by
a connective tissue disorder
Clinical manifestations: Fragile bones, blue sclera, & early deafness
Treatment: no cure, Growth hormone to closed growth plates, this hardens bones and
makes fractures less of an issure- avoided until puberty so child can grow to maximum
adult height
