NURS 2500 - Gas Exchange COMPLETE REAL EXAM
QUESTIONS WITH ACCURATE ANSWERS (VERIFIED
ANSWERS)
What does a chest X-ray show in pneumonia?
Consolidation or infiltrates.
What is COPD?
Progressive airflow limitation including emphysema and chronic bronchitis.
What is the primary cause of COPD?
Smoking (80-90%).
What is emphysema?
Destruction of alveoli leading to air trapping.
What is chronic bronchitis?
Chronic airway inflammation with mucus hypersecretion.
,What are classic COPD symptoms?
Dyspnea, cough, sputum, wheezing.
What is a COPD exacerbation?
Sudden worsening of symptoms like dyspnea, sputum, cough.
What is cor pulmonale?
Right-sided heart failure caused by COPD.
What is polycythemia in COPD?
Increased RBCs due to chronic hypoxia.
What is the safe SpO₂ target for COPD CO₂ retainers?
88-92%.
What is pursed-lip breathing?
Breathing technique to prolong exhalation and remove CO₂.
What position improves ventilation in COPD?
Tripod/high Fowler's position.
, What is a rescue inhaler?
Short-acting bronchodilator used PRN for acute symptoms.
What class is salbutamol?
Short-acting beta-2 agonist (SABA).
What is the mechanism of salbutamol?
Binds to beta-2 receptors → bronchodilation.
What are the main side effects of salbutamol?
Tremor, tachycardia, palpitations.
What is paradoxical bronchospasm?
Worsened wheezing after bronchodilator — emergency.
What class is salmeterol?
Long-acting beta-2 agonist (LABA).
Why isn't salmeterol a rescue inhaler?
Slow onset (15-25 minutes).
QUESTIONS WITH ACCURATE ANSWERS (VERIFIED
ANSWERS)
What does a chest X-ray show in pneumonia?
Consolidation or infiltrates.
What is COPD?
Progressive airflow limitation including emphysema and chronic bronchitis.
What is the primary cause of COPD?
Smoking (80-90%).
What is emphysema?
Destruction of alveoli leading to air trapping.
What is chronic bronchitis?
Chronic airway inflammation with mucus hypersecretion.
,What are classic COPD symptoms?
Dyspnea, cough, sputum, wheezing.
What is a COPD exacerbation?
Sudden worsening of symptoms like dyspnea, sputum, cough.
What is cor pulmonale?
Right-sided heart failure caused by COPD.
What is polycythemia in COPD?
Increased RBCs due to chronic hypoxia.
What is the safe SpO₂ target for COPD CO₂ retainers?
88-92%.
What is pursed-lip breathing?
Breathing technique to prolong exhalation and remove CO₂.
What position improves ventilation in COPD?
Tripod/high Fowler's position.
, What is a rescue inhaler?
Short-acting bronchodilator used PRN for acute symptoms.
What class is salbutamol?
Short-acting beta-2 agonist (SABA).
What is the mechanism of salbutamol?
Binds to beta-2 receptors → bronchodilation.
What are the main side effects of salbutamol?
Tremor, tachycardia, palpitations.
What is paradoxical bronchospasm?
Worsened wheezing after bronchodilator — emergency.
What class is salmeterol?
Long-acting beta-2 agonist (LABA).
Why isn't salmeterol a rescue inhaler?
Slow onset (15-25 minutes).
