WGU D312 ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY I: FINAL ExAM
2025/2026: COMPLETE QUESTIONS WITH ACCUrATE
ANSWErS & ExPLANATIONS | GUArANTEED PASS |
LATEST VErSION
1. Transverse plane - ANSWER Horizontal plane that divides the body into the
top and bottom
2. Coronal plane - ANSWER Vertical plane that divides the body into front and
back sections
3. Sagittal plane - ANSWER Plane that divides the body into left and right
sections
4. Cephalic - ANSWER Toward the head -same as superior for a human
5. Caudal - ANSWER Toward the tail -same as inferior for a human
6. Dorsal - ANSWER Toward the back - same as posterior for a human
7. Ventral - ANSWER Toward the belly -same as anterior for a human
8. Superior - ANSWER Above or toward the head
9. What are the consequences of skin cell death due to burns? - ANSWER
Massive fluid loss, dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, renal and circulatory
failure.
10.How are burn patients treated to offset dehydration? - ANSWER With
intravenous fluids and nutrients.
11.Why are burn patients at high risk of infection? - ANSWER Loss of
protection by intact skin layers.
,12.What is the "rule of nines" used for? - ANSWER Measuring the size of the
total surface area affected by burns.
13.This burn affects only the epidermis, painful and swollen, heals within a few
days. - ANSWER First-degree burn
14.This burn affects epidermis and part of the dermis, causes swelling and
blistering, heals within several weeks. - ANSWER Second-degree burn
15.This burn extends into epidermis and dermis, destroys tissue, affects nerve
endings, requires medical attention. - ANSWER Third-degree burn
16.Affects underlying muscle and bone, nerve endings damaged, requires
excision or grafting. - ANSWER Fourth-degree burn
17.Why are third and fourth-degree burns usually not as painful? - ANSWER
Nerve endings are damaged.
18.What is required for full-thickness burns? - ANSWER Excision, amputation,
or skin grafting.
19.Where is basal cell carcinoma most commonly found? - ANSWER Head,
neck, arms, and back. Basal cell carcinoma: A cancer affecting mitotically
active stem cells in the stratum basale of the epidermis.
20.What are the main causes of basal cell carcinoma? - ANSWER UV rays,
radiation, arsenic, and skin wounds.
21.Where are squamous cell carcinoma lesions commonly found? - ANSWER
Scalp, ears, and hands. Squamous cell carcinoma: A cancer affecting
keratinocytes of the stratum spinosum.
,22.How does melanoma typically develop? - ANSWER From a mole.
Melanoma: A cancer characterized by uncontrolled growth of melanocytes.
23.Why is melanoma considered the most fatal skin cancer? - ANSWER It is
highly metastatic and difficult to detect early.
24.What are the ABCDE signs of melanoma? - ANSWER Asymmetry, Borders,
Color, Diameter, Evolving
25.What are the four main types of bone cells? - ANSWER Osteogenic cells,
osteoblasts, osteocytes, and osteoclasts.
26.What do bone cells help with? - ANSWER Production and maintenance of
the mineral extracellular matrix.
27.What are the two types of osseous tissue in bone? - ANSWER Compact
bone and spongy bone.
28.What percentage of the skeleton is formed by compact bone? - ANSWER
Approximately 80%. The rest is made up of spongy bone.
29.What type of connective tissue is linked with bones? - ANSWER Cartilage
30.What happens to the skeleton during embryological development? -
ANSWER It is initially composed of cartilage, which undergoes ossification.
31.What is the role of osteoblasts? - ANSWER Forming new bone and
synthesizing collagen matrix and calcium salts.
32.What do osteocytes do? - ANSWER Maintain the mineral concentration of
the matrix via enzyme secretion.
33.Where are osteogenic cells found and what are their function? - ANSWER
In the deep layers of the periosteum and marrow. Develop into osteoblasts
, 34.What is the role of osteoclasts? - ANSWER Bone resorption or breakdown.
35.The denser, stronger of the two types of bone tissue. It can be found under
the periosteum and in the diaphyses of long bones, where it provides support
and protection. - ANSWER Compact bone
36.__________ or cancellous bone looks like a sponge under the microscope
and contains empty spaces between trabeculae, or arches of bone proper. It is
lighter than compact bone and found in the interior of some bones and at the
end of long bones. - ANSWER Spongy bone
37.Spikes or sections of the lattice-like matrix in spongy bone - ANSWER
Trabeculae
38.What produces the flexible, semi-solid matrix in cartilage? - ANSWER
Chondroblasts
39.What are chondroblasts called when surrounded by the matrix? - ANSWER
Chondrocytes
40.Why is cartilage avascular - ANSWER It has no blood vessels supplying
nutrients and removing wastes.
41.What are the three main types of cartilage tissue? - ANSWER Hyaline
cartilage, fibrocartilage, and elastic cartilage.
42.What is the most common type of cartilage in the body and where is it
found? - ANSWER Hyaline cartilage. Rib cage, nose, and moveable joints.
43.Inferior - ANSWER Below or toward the feet
44.Distal - ANSWER Farther from the trunk or origin
45.Proximal - ANSWER Closer to the trunk or origin
2025/2026: COMPLETE QUESTIONS WITH ACCUrATE
ANSWErS & ExPLANATIONS | GUArANTEED PASS |
LATEST VErSION
1. Transverse plane - ANSWER Horizontal plane that divides the body into the
top and bottom
2. Coronal plane - ANSWER Vertical plane that divides the body into front and
back sections
3. Sagittal plane - ANSWER Plane that divides the body into left and right
sections
4. Cephalic - ANSWER Toward the head -same as superior for a human
5. Caudal - ANSWER Toward the tail -same as inferior for a human
6. Dorsal - ANSWER Toward the back - same as posterior for a human
7. Ventral - ANSWER Toward the belly -same as anterior for a human
8. Superior - ANSWER Above or toward the head
9. What are the consequences of skin cell death due to burns? - ANSWER
Massive fluid loss, dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, renal and circulatory
failure.
10.How are burn patients treated to offset dehydration? - ANSWER With
intravenous fluids and nutrients.
11.Why are burn patients at high risk of infection? - ANSWER Loss of
protection by intact skin layers.
,12.What is the "rule of nines" used for? - ANSWER Measuring the size of the
total surface area affected by burns.
13.This burn affects only the epidermis, painful and swollen, heals within a few
days. - ANSWER First-degree burn
14.This burn affects epidermis and part of the dermis, causes swelling and
blistering, heals within several weeks. - ANSWER Second-degree burn
15.This burn extends into epidermis and dermis, destroys tissue, affects nerve
endings, requires medical attention. - ANSWER Third-degree burn
16.Affects underlying muscle and bone, nerve endings damaged, requires
excision or grafting. - ANSWER Fourth-degree burn
17.Why are third and fourth-degree burns usually not as painful? - ANSWER
Nerve endings are damaged.
18.What is required for full-thickness burns? - ANSWER Excision, amputation,
or skin grafting.
19.Where is basal cell carcinoma most commonly found? - ANSWER Head,
neck, arms, and back. Basal cell carcinoma: A cancer affecting mitotically
active stem cells in the stratum basale of the epidermis.
20.What are the main causes of basal cell carcinoma? - ANSWER UV rays,
radiation, arsenic, and skin wounds.
21.Where are squamous cell carcinoma lesions commonly found? - ANSWER
Scalp, ears, and hands. Squamous cell carcinoma: A cancer affecting
keratinocytes of the stratum spinosum.
,22.How does melanoma typically develop? - ANSWER From a mole.
Melanoma: A cancer characterized by uncontrolled growth of melanocytes.
23.Why is melanoma considered the most fatal skin cancer? - ANSWER It is
highly metastatic and difficult to detect early.
24.What are the ABCDE signs of melanoma? - ANSWER Asymmetry, Borders,
Color, Diameter, Evolving
25.What are the four main types of bone cells? - ANSWER Osteogenic cells,
osteoblasts, osteocytes, and osteoclasts.
26.What do bone cells help with? - ANSWER Production and maintenance of
the mineral extracellular matrix.
27.What are the two types of osseous tissue in bone? - ANSWER Compact
bone and spongy bone.
28.What percentage of the skeleton is formed by compact bone? - ANSWER
Approximately 80%. The rest is made up of spongy bone.
29.What type of connective tissue is linked with bones? - ANSWER Cartilage
30.What happens to the skeleton during embryological development? -
ANSWER It is initially composed of cartilage, which undergoes ossification.
31.What is the role of osteoblasts? - ANSWER Forming new bone and
synthesizing collagen matrix and calcium salts.
32.What do osteocytes do? - ANSWER Maintain the mineral concentration of
the matrix via enzyme secretion.
33.Where are osteogenic cells found and what are their function? - ANSWER
In the deep layers of the periosteum and marrow. Develop into osteoblasts
, 34.What is the role of osteoclasts? - ANSWER Bone resorption or breakdown.
35.The denser, stronger of the two types of bone tissue. It can be found under
the periosteum and in the diaphyses of long bones, where it provides support
and protection. - ANSWER Compact bone
36.__________ or cancellous bone looks like a sponge under the microscope
and contains empty spaces between trabeculae, or arches of bone proper. It is
lighter than compact bone and found in the interior of some bones and at the
end of long bones. - ANSWER Spongy bone
37.Spikes or sections of the lattice-like matrix in spongy bone - ANSWER
Trabeculae
38.What produces the flexible, semi-solid matrix in cartilage? - ANSWER
Chondroblasts
39.What are chondroblasts called when surrounded by the matrix? - ANSWER
Chondrocytes
40.Why is cartilage avascular - ANSWER It has no blood vessels supplying
nutrients and removing wastes.
41.What are the three main types of cartilage tissue? - ANSWER Hyaline
cartilage, fibrocartilage, and elastic cartilage.
42.What is the most common type of cartilage in the body and where is it
found? - ANSWER Hyaline cartilage. Rib cage, nose, and moveable joints.
43.Inferior - ANSWER Below or toward the feet
44.Distal - ANSWER Farther from the trunk or origin
45.Proximal - ANSWER Closer to the trunk or origin
