What is Law?.......................................................................................................................... 4
Levels of Government........................................................................................................ 4
Rule Of Law............................................................................................................................ 5
Why are Checks and Balances important to maintaining the Rule of Law?.......................5
Nuremberg Trials....................................................................................................................5
To what extent did the Nuremberg Trials achieve justice?................................................. 5
The United Nations and the ICJ............................................................................................ 6
PMI of the UN.....................................................................................................................7
International Criminal Court..................................................................................................7
Koori Court............................................................................................................................. 8
Describe the role of oral teaching in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander customary law.8
What role does Mediation play in Customary Law?........................................................... 8
Purpose.............................................................................................................................. 8
The way Mediation and Sanctions have been Integrated into Australian law Through this
Program..............................................................................................................................8
Impact.................................................................................................................................8
Law Reform.............................................................................................................................8
Law Reform Commision..................................................................................................... 8
Report 133....................................................................................................................9
Outlaw Motorcycle Gangs..................................................................................................... 9
Responses To OMCG........................................................................................................ 9
Perspectives of Issues.......................................................................................................... 9
SBS Insiders, Uneasy Riders, 2012................................................................................. 10
Strike Force Raptor.......................................................................................................... 10
Breaking Down a Question................................................................................................. 10
Collaborative Paragraph...................................................................................................10
Anti-Consorting Laws.......................................................................................................... 11
Collaborative Paragraph...................................................................................................12
Individual Responses.......................................................................................................... 13
Non Legal Responses..........................................................................................................14
Media................................................................................................................................14
Rights and Responsibilities................................................................................................ 15
Definitions.........................................................................................................................15
Bill of Rights..................................................................................................................... 15
Australian Federal Police.................................................................................................... 17
Disputes and Resolution..................................................................................................... 17
Tribunals...........................................................................................................................17
What is the Role of the Human Rights Commission........................................................ 18
The Individual and Technology...........................................................................................19
Impacts of Technology on the Individual.......................................................................... 19
Law Reform and Technology............................................................................................20
Human Rights and the Law................................................................................................. 20
Types of Rights.................................................................................................................21
1
, The Abolition of the Slave Trade...................................................................................... 21
Universal Education.............................................................................................................22
Conflict in Israel and Palestine........................................................................................... 22
Peace Rights.................................................................................................................... 23
What is Genocide............................................................................................................. 23
International Criminal Tribunal of Former Yugoslavia (ICTY).......................................... 24
NGO’s.................................................................................................................................... 25
Role of NGO’s.................................................................................................................. 25
Work of the International Red Cross/Crescent........................................................... 25
International Crime.............................................................................................................. 26
Extradition........................................................................................................................ 27
interpol..............................................................................................................................27
Crime..................................................................................................................................... 27
What is Crime?.................................................................................................................27
Roger Dean Case.............................................................................................................28
Categories of Crime......................................................................................................... 28
Factors Affecting Criminal Behaviour............................................................................... 28
Criminal Investigation Process...........................................................................................29
LEPRA..............................................................................................................................29
Skaf Case.............................................................................................................................. 30
Strip Searches...................................................................................................................... 31
Non-Compliance with Strip Search Rules........................................................................ 34
Investigating Crime.............................................................................................................. 35
Bail and Remand.................................................................................................................. 36
Does the Bail Act Achieve Justice?..................................................................................38
Criminal Trial Process......................................................................................................... 39
Adversarial System.......................................................................................................... 39
Advantages:............................................................................................................... 39
Disadvantages:...........................................................................................................39
Prosecution...................................................................................................................... 40
Early Guilty Pleas............................................................................................................. 40
Punishment...........................................................................................................................40
Thomas Kelly and Mandatory Sentencing........................................................................40
Mandatory Sentencing..................................................................................................... 41
The Burden of Proof and Reasonable Doubt.................................................................... 42
Prosecution...................................................................................................................... 42
Juries.....................................................................................................................................42
Post-Holidays Brain Dump.................................................................................................. 43
Complete Defences..............................................................................................................45
The Role of the Victim..........................................................................................................45
Post Sentencing Considerations........................................................................................ 46
WORLD ORDER....................................................................................................................46
Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA)..............................................................................48
East Timor Conflict........................................................................................................... 50
2
, UN Roles.......................................................................................................................... 50
How Have the Rules of War Evolved Over Time?............................................................52
Indigenous Peoples............................................................................................................. 53
Research Task..................................................................................................................54
Legal Recognition.............................................................................................................56
Sami................................................................................................................................. 56
Lakota...............................................................................................................................57
Maori................................................................................................................................ 58
Maori in Language......................................................................................................58
Language Rights in Australia........................................................................................... 59
Intellectual Property..........................................................................................................61
Sami IP....................................................................................................................... 61
Ancestral Remains - Australia IP......................................................................................62
Australian Government Response............................................................................. 62
Childrens Court.................................................................................................................... 63
3
, What is Law?
law is a group of rules decided by the government and governmental institutions that the people of
that area must abide by
How are Laws and Rules Different? - laws are decided by the government and governmental
institutions and rules are decided by people that aren’t the government and its institutions
Outline what the Constitution is and its purpose - The constitution is a set of rules that outline how
a nation should be governed. It controls what the government, parliament and judiciary are allowed
to make rules on.
Levels of Government
Level Of Government Parts Purposes Complexities
Federal The leader is the To make laws about Problems that could
Prime Minister. foreign affairs, social arise are the
The main role is to security, medicare, miscommunication
govern and control industrial relations, and degradation of
the nation. immigration, currency, welfare and economy.
defence, etc. As the federal
government looks
after these issues, if
something were to go
wrong, our economy
would greatly suffer.
State The leader is the To make laws about Problems that could
Premier. state infrastructure, arise include
The main role is to public works, responding to medical
hear concerns from emergency services emergencies such as
the people in the state and community Covid 19 and
and to make laws services. economic uncertainty.
regarding those
concerns
Local The leader of the local To aid in making laws Problems that could
government is the about building arise are cyber and
local executive/ regulations, public data security,
chairman. They are in health, local roads, environmental
charge of matters local environmental requirements and
close to home in our issues, waste disposal natural emergencies
local environment. and community such as flooding and
services. bush fires.
What is the difference between Separation of Powers and Division of Powers? - The Separation of
Powers outlines which branch of government is able to judge, make and enforce laws, while the
division of powers controls who is able to make what laws.
4
Levels of Government........................................................................................................ 4
Rule Of Law............................................................................................................................ 5
Why are Checks and Balances important to maintaining the Rule of Law?.......................5
Nuremberg Trials....................................................................................................................5
To what extent did the Nuremberg Trials achieve justice?................................................. 5
The United Nations and the ICJ............................................................................................ 6
PMI of the UN.....................................................................................................................7
International Criminal Court..................................................................................................7
Koori Court............................................................................................................................. 8
Describe the role of oral teaching in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander customary law.8
What role does Mediation play in Customary Law?........................................................... 8
Purpose.............................................................................................................................. 8
The way Mediation and Sanctions have been Integrated into Australian law Through this
Program..............................................................................................................................8
Impact.................................................................................................................................8
Law Reform.............................................................................................................................8
Law Reform Commision..................................................................................................... 8
Report 133....................................................................................................................9
Outlaw Motorcycle Gangs..................................................................................................... 9
Responses To OMCG........................................................................................................ 9
Perspectives of Issues.......................................................................................................... 9
SBS Insiders, Uneasy Riders, 2012................................................................................. 10
Strike Force Raptor.......................................................................................................... 10
Breaking Down a Question................................................................................................. 10
Collaborative Paragraph...................................................................................................10
Anti-Consorting Laws.......................................................................................................... 11
Collaborative Paragraph...................................................................................................12
Individual Responses.......................................................................................................... 13
Non Legal Responses..........................................................................................................14
Media................................................................................................................................14
Rights and Responsibilities................................................................................................ 15
Definitions.........................................................................................................................15
Bill of Rights..................................................................................................................... 15
Australian Federal Police.................................................................................................... 17
Disputes and Resolution..................................................................................................... 17
Tribunals...........................................................................................................................17
What is the Role of the Human Rights Commission........................................................ 18
The Individual and Technology...........................................................................................19
Impacts of Technology on the Individual.......................................................................... 19
Law Reform and Technology............................................................................................20
Human Rights and the Law................................................................................................. 20
Types of Rights.................................................................................................................21
1
, The Abolition of the Slave Trade...................................................................................... 21
Universal Education.............................................................................................................22
Conflict in Israel and Palestine........................................................................................... 22
Peace Rights.................................................................................................................... 23
What is Genocide............................................................................................................. 23
International Criminal Tribunal of Former Yugoslavia (ICTY).......................................... 24
NGO’s.................................................................................................................................... 25
Role of NGO’s.................................................................................................................. 25
Work of the International Red Cross/Crescent........................................................... 25
International Crime.............................................................................................................. 26
Extradition........................................................................................................................ 27
interpol..............................................................................................................................27
Crime..................................................................................................................................... 27
What is Crime?.................................................................................................................27
Roger Dean Case.............................................................................................................28
Categories of Crime......................................................................................................... 28
Factors Affecting Criminal Behaviour............................................................................... 28
Criminal Investigation Process...........................................................................................29
LEPRA..............................................................................................................................29
Skaf Case.............................................................................................................................. 30
Strip Searches...................................................................................................................... 31
Non-Compliance with Strip Search Rules........................................................................ 34
Investigating Crime.............................................................................................................. 35
Bail and Remand.................................................................................................................. 36
Does the Bail Act Achieve Justice?..................................................................................38
Criminal Trial Process......................................................................................................... 39
Adversarial System.......................................................................................................... 39
Advantages:............................................................................................................... 39
Disadvantages:...........................................................................................................39
Prosecution...................................................................................................................... 40
Early Guilty Pleas............................................................................................................. 40
Punishment...........................................................................................................................40
Thomas Kelly and Mandatory Sentencing........................................................................40
Mandatory Sentencing..................................................................................................... 41
The Burden of Proof and Reasonable Doubt.................................................................... 42
Prosecution...................................................................................................................... 42
Juries.....................................................................................................................................42
Post-Holidays Brain Dump.................................................................................................. 43
Complete Defences..............................................................................................................45
The Role of the Victim..........................................................................................................45
Post Sentencing Considerations........................................................................................ 46
WORLD ORDER....................................................................................................................46
Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA)..............................................................................48
East Timor Conflict........................................................................................................... 50
2
, UN Roles.......................................................................................................................... 50
How Have the Rules of War Evolved Over Time?............................................................52
Indigenous Peoples............................................................................................................. 53
Research Task..................................................................................................................54
Legal Recognition.............................................................................................................56
Sami................................................................................................................................. 56
Lakota...............................................................................................................................57
Maori................................................................................................................................ 58
Maori in Language......................................................................................................58
Language Rights in Australia........................................................................................... 59
Intellectual Property..........................................................................................................61
Sami IP....................................................................................................................... 61
Ancestral Remains - Australia IP......................................................................................62
Australian Government Response............................................................................. 62
Childrens Court.................................................................................................................... 63
3
, What is Law?
law is a group of rules decided by the government and governmental institutions that the people of
that area must abide by
How are Laws and Rules Different? - laws are decided by the government and governmental
institutions and rules are decided by people that aren’t the government and its institutions
Outline what the Constitution is and its purpose - The constitution is a set of rules that outline how
a nation should be governed. It controls what the government, parliament and judiciary are allowed
to make rules on.
Levels of Government
Level Of Government Parts Purposes Complexities
Federal The leader is the To make laws about Problems that could
Prime Minister. foreign affairs, social arise are the
The main role is to security, medicare, miscommunication
govern and control industrial relations, and degradation of
the nation. immigration, currency, welfare and economy.
defence, etc. As the federal
government looks
after these issues, if
something were to go
wrong, our economy
would greatly suffer.
State The leader is the To make laws about Problems that could
Premier. state infrastructure, arise include
The main role is to public works, responding to medical
hear concerns from emergency services emergencies such as
the people in the state and community Covid 19 and
and to make laws services. economic uncertainty.
regarding those
concerns
Local The leader of the local To aid in making laws Problems that could
government is the about building arise are cyber and
local executive/ regulations, public data security,
chairman. They are in health, local roads, environmental
charge of matters local environmental requirements and
close to home in our issues, waste disposal natural emergencies
local environment. and community such as flooding and
services. bush fires.
What is the difference between Separation of Powers and Division of Powers? - The Separation of
Powers outlines which branch of government is able to judge, make and enforce laws, while the
division of powers controls who is able to make what laws.
4
