)
1. What is management? Management is the process of planning, organizing,
leading, and controlling organizational resources to achieve goals efficiently
and effectively.
2. What are the four primary functions of management? Planning,
organizing, leading, and controlling.
3. Define planning in management. Planning involves setting goals and
determining the best course of action to achieve those goals.
4. What is organizing in management? Organizing is arranging resources and
tasks to accomplish the organization's objectives.
5. What does leading involve? Leading involves motivating, influencing, and
directing people toward organizational goals.
6. What is controlling in management? Controlling is monitoring
performance, comparing it with goals, and taking corrective action as needed.
7. What is the difference between efficiency and effectiveness? Efficiency is
doing things right (resource optimization), while effectiveness is doing the right
things (goal achievement).
8. What are the three levels of management? Top management, middle
management, and first-line (frontline) management.
9. What do top-level managers do? They set overall direction, develop
strategy, and represent the organization to external stakeholders.
10. What is the role of middle managers? Middle managers implement top
management's strategies and coordinate activities between top and first-line
managers.
,11. What do first-line managers do? They directly supervise non-managerial
employees and oversee day-to-day operations.
12. What are Mintzberg's three managerial roles? Interpersonal,
informational, and decisional roles.
13. Name the three interpersonal roles. Figurehead, leader, and liaison.
14. What are the three informational roles? Monitor, disseminator, and
spokesperson.
15. What are the four decisional roles? Entrepreneur, disturbance handler,
resource allocator, and negotiator.
Module 2: Leadership Theories
16. What is leadership? Leadership is the ability to influence others toward the
achievement of goals.
17. What is trait theory? Trait theory suggests that certain inherent
characteristics make someone an effective leader.
18. Name five common leadership traits. Intelligence, self-confidence,
determination, integrity, and sociability.
19. What is behavioral theory? Behavioral theory focuses on what leaders do
rather than their inherent traits.
20. What are the two dimensions in the Ohio State Studies? Initiating
structure and consideration.
21. What is initiating structure? The extent to which a leader defines and
structures their role and subordinates' roles toward goal attainment.
22. What is consideration in leadership? The degree to which a leader has job
relationships characterized by mutual trust, respect, and regard for subordinates'
feelings.
23. What are the two leadership dimensions in the Michigan Studies?
Employee-oriented and production-oriented behavior.
24. What is the Leadership Grid? A framework identifying five leadership
styles based on concern for people and concern for production.
25. What is contingency theory? The idea that the best leadership style
depends on the situation.
, 26. What is Fiedler's Contingency Model? A model stating that leadership
effectiveness depends on matching a leader's style with the situation's
favorability.
27. What are the three situational factors in Fiedler's model? Leader-
member relations, task structure, and position power.
28. What is the Least Preferred Coworker (LPC) scale? A measurement tool
in Fiedler's model to determine if a leader is relationship-oriented or task-
oriented.
29. What is situational leadership theory? Leadership should adapt based on
followers' readiness or development level.
30. What are the four leadership styles in situational leadership? Directing,
coaching, supporting, and delegating.
31. What is path-goal theory? Leaders should clarify paths to goals and
remove obstacles to help followers achieve objectives.
32. What are the four leadership behaviors in path-goal theory? Directive,
supportive, participative, and achievement-oriented.
33. What is transformational leadership? Leadership that inspires followers
to transcend self-interest for organizational goals through vision and inspiration.
34. What are the four components of transformational leadership?
Idealized influence, inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation, and
individualized consideration.
35. What is transactional leadership? Leadership based on exchange
relationships where followers are rewarded for meeting objectives.
36. What is charismatic leadership? Leadership based on the leader's personal
charm and magnetism that inspires devotion.
37. What is servant leadership? Leadership focused on serving others and
putting followers' needs first.
38. What is authentic leadership? Leadership based on self-awareness,
transparency, ethical behavior, and balanced processing.
39. What is leader-member exchange (LMX) theory? The idea that leaders
form different quality relationships with different subordinates.
1. What is management? Management is the process of planning, organizing,
leading, and controlling organizational resources to achieve goals efficiently
and effectively.
2. What are the four primary functions of management? Planning,
organizing, leading, and controlling.
3. Define planning in management. Planning involves setting goals and
determining the best course of action to achieve those goals.
4. What is organizing in management? Organizing is arranging resources and
tasks to accomplish the organization's objectives.
5. What does leading involve? Leading involves motivating, influencing, and
directing people toward organizational goals.
6. What is controlling in management? Controlling is monitoring
performance, comparing it with goals, and taking corrective action as needed.
7. What is the difference between efficiency and effectiveness? Efficiency is
doing things right (resource optimization), while effectiveness is doing the right
things (goal achievement).
8. What are the three levels of management? Top management, middle
management, and first-line (frontline) management.
9. What do top-level managers do? They set overall direction, develop
strategy, and represent the organization to external stakeholders.
10. What is the role of middle managers? Middle managers implement top
management's strategies and coordinate activities between top and first-line
managers.
,11. What do first-line managers do? They directly supervise non-managerial
employees and oversee day-to-day operations.
12. What are Mintzberg's three managerial roles? Interpersonal,
informational, and decisional roles.
13. Name the three interpersonal roles. Figurehead, leader, and liaison.
14. What are the three informational roles? Monitor, disseminator, and
spokesperson.
15. What are the four decisional roles? Entrepreneur, disturbance handler,
resource allocator, and negotiator.
Module 2: Leadership Theories
16. What is leadership? Leadership is the ability to influence others toward the
achievement of goals.
17. What is trait theory? Trait theory suggests that certain inherent
characteristics make someone an effective leader.
18. Name five common leadership traits. Intelligence, self-confidence,
determination, integrity, and sociability.
19. What is behavioral theory? Behavioral theory focuses on what leaders do
rather than their inherent traits.
20. What are the two dimensions in the Ohio State Studies? Initiating
structure and consideration.
21. What is initiating structure? The extent to which a leader defines and
structures their role and subordinates' roles toward goal attainment.
22. What is consideration in leadership? The degree to which a leader has job
relationships characterized by mutual trust, respect, and regard for subordinates'
feelings.
23. What are the two leadership dimensions in the Michigan Studies?
Employee-oriented and production-oriented behavior.
24. What is the Leadership Grid? A framework identifying five leadership
styles based on concern for people and concern for production.
25. What is contingency theory? The idea that the best leadership style
depends on the situation.
, 26. What is Fiedler's Contingency Model? A model stating that leadership
effectiveness depends on matching a leader's style with the situation's
favorability.
27. What are the three situational factors in Fiedler's model? Leader-
member relations, task structure, and position power.
28. What is the Least Preferred Coworker (LPC) scale? A measurement tool
in Fiedler's model to determine if a leader is relationship-oriented or task-
oriented.
29. What is situational leadership theory? Leadership should adapt based on
followers' readiness or development level.
30. What are the four leadership styles in situational leadership? Directing,
coaching, supporting, and delegating.
31. What is path-goal theory? Leaders should clarify paths to goals and
remove obstacles to help followers achieve objectives.
32. What are the four leadership behaviors in path-goal theory? Directive,
supportive, participative, and achievement-oriented.
33. What is transformational leadership? Leadership that inspires followers
to transcend self-interest for organizational goals through vision and inspiration.
34. What are the four components of transformational leadership?
Idealized influence, inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation, and
individualized consideration.
35. What is transactional leadership? Leadership based on exchange
relationships where followers are rewarded for meeting objectives.
36. What is charismatic leadership? Leadership based on the leader's personal
charm and magnetism that inspires devotion.
37. What is servant leadership? Leadership focused on serving others and
putting followers' needs first.
38. What is authentic leadership? Leadership based on self-awareness,
transparency, ethical behavior, and balanced processing.
39. What is leader-member exchange (LMX) theory? The idea that leaders
form different quality relationships with different subordinates.
