Bio 264 Final Exam UPDATED Study
Guide CORRECT ANSWERS
QUESTIONS
- What type of joint is immoveable? - CORRECT ANSWERS
Fibrous joints
Name an example of a fibrous immoveable joint. - CORRECT
ANSWERS Suture, gomphosis, syndesmosis
What type of joint is slightly moveable? - CORRECT ANSWERS
Cartilaginous joints
Give an example of a cartilaginous joint. - CORRECT ANSWERS
Symphysis (pubis, vertebrae) or synchondroses (nose, ribs to
sternum)
What type of joint is freely moveable? - CORRECT ANSWERS
Synovial joints
List the types of synovial joints. - CORRECT ANSWERS
Hinge, pivot, gliding, ball and socket, saddle, condyloid
What is the function of synovial fluid? - CORRECT ANSWERS
Lubrication, shock absorption, delivers O2 and nutrients to
cartilage
,What connects bones to bones? - CORRECT ANSWERS
Ligaments
What is the role of intervertebral discs? - CORRECT ANSWERS
Cushion the spine and absorb shock
What is an action potential? - CORRECT ANSWERS
Movement of an electrical impulse along a neuron's axon
What happens during depolarization? - CORRECT ANSWERS
Na+ rushes into the axon
What ion must be present for muscle contraction to occur? -
CORRECT ANSWERS Calcium
What neurotransmitter binds to receptors at the motor endplate? -
CORRECT ANSWERS Acetylcholine
What is the role of ATP in muscle contraction? - CORRECT
ANSWERS Detachment and resetting of the myosin heads
What is the first step in the olfactory pathway? - CORRECT
ANSWERS Dissolved odorant binds to receptors/cilia in
olfactory epithelium
What are the five basic tastes? - CORRECT ANSWERS
Sweet, salty, bitter, sour, umami
,What is the role of acetylcholinesterase? - CORRECT ANSWERS
Inactivates acetylcholine in the synaptic cleft
What occurs during hyperpolarization? - CORRECT ANSWERS
K+ continues to leave the axon, making it more negative
What is the refractory period? - CORRECT ANSWERS
Ensures that action potential moves in only one direction
What is the function of the sarcoplasmic reticulum in muscle
contraction? - CORRECT ANSWERS Releases calcium ions
into the sarcoplasm
What is the sliding filament theory? - CORRECT ANSWERS
Describes how myosin heads pull actin toward the center of the
sarcomere during contraction
What happens during repolarization? - CORRECT ANSWERS
Na+ gates close and K+ gates open, K+ rushes out of the axon
What is the role of T-tubules in muscle contraction? - CORRECT
ANSWERS Bring action potential to the interior of the muscle
cell
, What is the function of myosin during muscle contraction? -
CORRECT ANSWERS Myosin heads attach to actin and pull
it toward the center of the sarcomere
What is the role of troponin in muscle contraction? - CORRECT
ANSWERS Binds calcium to free up myosin binding sites on
actin
What is the difference between afferent and efferent neurons? -
CORRECT ANSWERS Afferent neurons are sensory; efferent
neurons are motor
What is the role of the limbic system in olfaction? - CORRECT
ANSWERS Processes memories and emotions tied to smells
What is the threshold for action potential initiation? - CORRECT
ANSWERS -55 mV
What are the main components of the eye? - CORRECT ANSWERS
Cornea, pupil, iris, lens, retina
What part of the brain interprets vision? - CORRECT ANSWERS
Occipital lobe
Which part of the eye bends most light? - CORRECT ANSWERS
Cornea
Guide CORRECT ANSWERS
QUESTIONS
- What type of joint is immoveable? - CORRECT ANSWERS
Fibrous joints
Name an example of a fibrous immoveable joint. - CORRECT
ANSWERS Suture, gomphosis, syndesmosis
What type of joint is slightly moveable? - CORRECT ANSWERS
Cartilaginous joints
Give an example of a cartilaginous joint. - CORRECT ANSWERS
Symphysis (pubis, vertebrae) or synchondroses (nose, ribs to
sternum)
What type of joint is freely moveable? - CORRECT ANSWERS
Synovial joints
List the types of synovial joints. - CORRECT ANSWERS
Hinge, pivot, gliding, ball and socket, saddle, condyloid
What is the function of synovial fluid? - CORRECT ANSWERS
Lubrication, shock absorption, delivers O2 and nutrients to
cartilage
,What connects bones to bones? - CORRECT ANSWERS
Ligaments
What is the role of intervertebral discs? - CORRECT ANSWERS
Cushion the spine and absorb shock
What is an action potential? - CORRECT ANSWERS
Movement of an electrical impulse along a neuron's axon
What happens during depolarization? - CORRECT ANSWERS
Na+ rushes into the axon
What ion must be present for muscle contraction to occur? -
CORRECT ANSWERS Calcium
What neurotransmitter binds to receptors at the motor endplate? -
CORRECT ANSWERS Acetylcholine
What is the role of ATP in muscle contraction? - CORRECT
ANSWERS Detachment and resetting of the myosin heads
What is the first step in the olfactory pathway? - CORRECT
ANSWERS Dissolved odorant binds to receptors/cilia in
olfactory epithelium
What are the five basic tastes? - CORRECT ANSWERS
Sweet, salty, bitter, sour, umami
,What is the role of acetylcholinesterase? - CORRECT ANSWERS
Inactivates acetylcholine in the synaptic cleft
What occurs during hyperpolarization? - CORRECT ANSWERS
K+ continues to leave the axon, making it more negative
What is the refractory period? - CORRECT ANSWERS
Ensures that action potential moves in only one direction
What is the function of the sarcoplasmic reticulum in muscle
contraction? - CORRECT ANSWERS Releases calcium ions
into the sarcoplasm
What is the sliding filament theory? - CORRECT ANSWERS
Describes how myosin heads pull actin toward the center of the
sarcomere during contraction
What happens during repolarization? - CORRECT ANSWERS
Na+ gates close and K+ gates open, K+ rushes out of the axon
What is the role of T-tubules in muscle contraction? - CORRECT
ANSWERS Bring action potential to the interior of the muscle
cell
, What is the function of myosin during muscle contraction? -
CORRECT ANSWERS Myosin heads attach to actin and pull
it toward the center of the sarcomere
What is the role of troponin in muscle contraction? - CORRECT
ANSWERS Binds calcium to free up myosin binding sites on
actin
What is the difference between afferent and efferent neurons? -
CORRECT ANSWERS Afferent neurons are sensory; efferent
neurons are motor
What is the role of the limbic system in olfaction? - CORRECT
ANSWERS Processes memories and emotions tied to smells
What is the threshold for action potential initiation? - CORRECT
ANSWERS -55 mV
What are the main components of the eye? - CORRECT ANSWERS
Cornea, pupil, iris, lens, retina
What part of the brain interprets vision? - CORRECT ANSWERS
Occipital lobe
Which part of the eye bends most light? - CORRECT ANSWERS
Cornea
