HCI and Ergonomic workspace
There are four fundamental principles of HCI, these are; perception, behaviour models,
descriptive modelling and those covered by Schneiderman's 8 rules. The user interface
must be created in a way of which can be simple enough for anyone to use without assistance.
Principles of HCI
The seven principles are;
1) Equitable use
2) Simple and intuitive to use.
3) Perceptible information
4) Tolerance for error
5) Low physical effort
6) Size and space approach and use.
Ergonomics HCI
Ergonomics is the working environment the end HCI is the interaction the end user has with the
user is operating within. computer system.
Types of Interfaces
1. Gesture Interfaces
2. Gaze systems – allows a person to control a device through the movement gestures of the eyes.
3. Voice Recognition
4. Haptics Technologies – transmitting information using sensations such as vibrations and touch, etc.
E.g., if the car is speeding, the car measures the distance with the car in front and vibrates the
accelerator.
5. Augmented reality
Principles of effective design
1. Know your User (Target Audience)
2. Having user controls. E.g., Escape from unwanted actions (Back button)
3. Simple Design
a. Visual Icons
b. Relevant
c. Tool tips (Help)
4. Provide feedback. E.g., Download progress bar.
5. Familiar
a. Standard design conventions (E.g., tabs)
6. Consistency. E.g., Word and Excel use the same ribbon pattern.
Schneiderman’s 8 Golden Rules
,Schneiderman’s 8 golden rules of interface design provide a convenient and concise
summary of the key principles of interface design. The eight rules are:
1. En able fr equent users to use shor tcuts — such as abbreviations, special key
sequences and macros, to perform regular, familiar actions more quickly.
2. Off er in form ative feedback — for every user action, at a level appropriate to the
magnitude of the action.
3. Design dialogs to yield closur e — so that the user knows when they have
completed a task.
4. Off er er ror prevention an d sim ple er ror handling — so that, ideally, users
are prevented from making mistakes and, if they do, they are offered clear and
informative instructions to enable them to recover.
5. Per m it easy r eversal of actions — to relieve anxiety and encourage exploration,
since the user knows that he can always return to the previous state.
6. Support intern al locus of con tr ol — so that the user is in control of the system,
which responds to his actions.
7. Reduce short-ter m m em ory load — by keeping displays simple, consolidating
multiple pages displays and providing time for learning action sequences.
Norman’s 7 Principles
Norman’s seven principles were introduced to transform difficult tasks into simple ones.
1. Use both knowledge in the world and knowledge in the hand.
2. Simplify the structure of tasks.
3. Make things visible.
4. Get the mappings right.
5. Exploit the power on constraints.
6. Design for error.
7. When all else fails, standardize.
What is Cloud Storage?
Cloud Storage is a mode of computer data storage in which digital data is stored on
servers in off-site locations. The servers are maintained by a third-party provider who is
,responsible for hosting, managing, and securing data stored on its infrastructure. The
provider ensures that data on its servers is always accessible via public or private
internet connections.
Cloud Storage enables organizations to store, access, and maintain data so that they do
not need to own and operate their own data centres. It is scalable, allowing
organizations to expand or reduce their data footprint on demand.
How does Cloud Storage work?
Cloud Storage uses remote servers to save data, such as files, business data, videos, or
images. Users upload data to servers via an internet connection, where it is saved on a
virtual machine on a physical server. To maintain availability and provide redundancy,
cloud providers will often spread data to multiple virtual machines in data centres
located across the world. If storage needs increase, the cloud provider will spin up more
virtual machines to handle the load. Users can access data in Cloud Storage through an
internet connection and software such as web portal, browser, or mobile app.
ADVANTAGES OF CLOUD STORAGE DISADVANATGES OF CLOUD STORAGE
, Total cost of ownership - Cloud Storage Compliance - Certain industries such as
enables organizations to move from a finance and healthcare have strict
capital expenditure to an operational requirements (laws and legal
expenditure model, allowing them to requirements in the country) about how
adjust budgets and resources quickly. data is stored and accessed.
Reduction in energy consumption, saving
costs. Latency - Traffic to and from the cloud
Elasticity - Cloud Storage is elastic and can be delayed because of network traffic
scalable, meaning that it can be scaled up congestion or slow internet connections.
(more storage added) or down (less Control - Storing data in public clouds
storage needed) depending on the restricts some control over access and
organization’s needs. management of that data, entrusting that
Flexibility - Cloud Storage offers the cloud service provider will always be
organizations flexibility on how to store able to make that data available and
and access data, deploy, and budget maintain its systems and security.
resources, and architect their IT Outages - While public cloud providers
infrastructure. aim to ensure continuous availability,
Storage space/bandwidth can be rapidly outages sometimes do occur, making
altered/enlarged/reduced to allow for
changing needs (of the website) stored data unavailable.
Owners can select appropriate
bandwidth/storage space.
Network attached storage can be switched in
and out as needed.
Data can be split over several locations.
Portability/access from anywhere.
Security - Most cloud providers offer
robust security, including physical
security at data centres and security at
the software and application levels. They
may provide identity and access
management and encryption.
• Cloud service will (probably) provide a secure
encryption system.
• Data will be isolated from other people’s data
• The cloud service will be running a
There are four fundamental principles of HCI, these are; perception, behaviour models,
descriptive modelling and those covered by Schneiderman's 8 rules. The user interface
must be created in a way of which can be simple enough for anyone to use without assistance.
Principles of HCI
The seven principles are;
1) Equitable use
2) Simple and intuitive to use.
3) Perceptible information
4) Tolerance for error
5) Low physical effort
6) Size and space approach and use.
Ergonomics HCI
Ergonomics is the working environment the end HCI is the interaction the end user has with the
user is operating within. computer system.
Types of Interfaces
1. Gesture Interfaces
2. Gaze systems – allows a person to control a device through the movement gestures of the eyes.
3. Voice Recognition
4. Haptics Technologies – transmitting information using sensations such as vibrations and touch, etc.
E.g., if the car is speeding, the car measures the distance with the car in front and vibrates the
accelerator.
5. Augmented reality
Principles of effective design
1. Know your User (Target Audience)
2. Having user controls. E.g., Escape from unwanted actions (Back button)
3. Simple Design
a. Visual Icons
b. Relevant
c. Tool tips (Help)
4. Provide feedback. E.g., Download progress bar.
5. Familiar
a. Standard design conventions (E.g., tabs)
6. Consistency. E.g., Word and Excel use the same ribbon pattern.
Schneiderman’s 8 Golden Rules
,Schneiderman’s 8 golden rules of interface design provide a convenient and concise
summary of the key principles of interface design. The eight rules are:
1. En able fr equent users to use shor tcuts — such as abbreviations, special key
sequences and macros, to perform regular, familiar actions more quickly.
2. Off er in form ative feedback — for every user action, at a level appropriate to the
magnitude of the action.
3. Design dialogs to yield closur e — so that the user knows when they have
completed a task.
4. Off er er ror prevention an d sim ple er ror handling — so that, ideally, users
are prevented from making mistakes and, if they do, they are offered clear and
informative instructions to enable them to recover.
5. Per m it easy r eversal of actions — to relieve anxiety and encourage exploration,
since the user knows that he can always return to the previous state.
6. Support intern al locus of con tr ol — so that the user is in control of the system,
which responds to his actions.
7. Reduce short-ter m m em ory load — by keeping displays simple, consolidating
multiple pages displays and providing time for learning action sequences.
Norman’s 7 Principles
Norman’s seven principles were introduced to transform difficult tasks into simple ones.
1. Use both knowledge in the world and knowledge in the hand.
2. Simplify the structure of tasks.
3. Make things visible.
4. Get the mappings right.
5. Exploit the power on constraints.
6. Design for error.
7. When all else fails, standardize.
What is Cloud Storage?
Cloud Storage is a mode of computer data storage in which digital data is stored on
servers in off-site locations. The servers are maintained by a third-party provider who is
,responsible for hosting, managing, and securing data stored on its infrastructure. The
provider ensures that data on its servers is always accessible via public or private
internet connections.
Cloud Storage enables organizations to store, access, and maintain data so that they do
not need to own and operate their own data centres. It is scalable, allowing
organizations to expand or reduce their data footprint on demand.
How does Cloud Storage work?
Cloud Storage uses remote servers to save data, such as files, business data, videos, or
images. Users upload data to servers via an internet connection, where it is saved on a
virtual machine on a physical server. To maintain availability and provide redundancy,
cloud providers will often spread data to multiple virtual machines in data centres
located across the world. If storage needs increase, the cloud provider will spin up more
virtual machines to handle the load. Users can access data in Cloud Storage through an
internet connection and software such as web portal, browser, or mobile app.
ADVANTAGES OF CLOUD STORAGE DISADVANATGES OF CLOUD STORAGE
, Total cost of ownership - Cloud Storage Compliance - Certain industries such as
enables organizations to move from a finance and healthcare have strict
capital expenditure to an operational requirements (laws and legal
expenditure model, allowing them to requirements in the country) about how
adjust budgets and resources quickly. data is stored and accessed.
Reduction in energy consumption, saving
costs. Latency - Traffic to and from the cloud
Elasticity - Cloud Storage is elastic and can be delayed because of network traffic
scalable, meaning that it can be scaled up congestion or slow internet connections.
(more storage added) or down (less Control - Storing data in public clouds
storage needed) depending on the restricts some control over access and
organization’s needs. management of that data, entrusting that
Flexibility - Cloud Storage offers the cloud service provider will always be
organizations flexibility on how to store able to make that data available and
and access data, deploy, and budget maintain its systems and security.
resources, and architect their IT Outages - While public cloud providers
infrastructure. aim to ensure continuous availability,
Storage space/bandwidth can be rapidly outages sometimes do occur, making
altered/enlarged/reduced to allow for
changing needs (of the website) stored data unavailable.
Owners can select appropriate
bandwidth/storage space.
Network attached storage can be switched in
and out as needed.
Data can be split over several locations.
Portability/access from anywhere.
Security - Most cloud providers offer
robust security, including physical
security at data centres and security at
the software and application levels. They
may provide identity and access
management and encryption.
• Cloud service will (probably) provide a secure
encryption system.
• Data will be isolated from other people’s data
• The cloud service will be running a
