CSEP CEP PRACTICAL EXAM 2026 FINAL
PAPER SOLVED ITEMS ACCURATE MARKING
◉ Describe the pros and cons of skinfold measurements Answer:
Pros: accurate for leaner subjects, multiple equations for different
populations
Cons: high rate of user error, taking repeated measurements can
increase error, can be impacted by physical activity (level of water in
muscles)/ environment (cold/hot weather), shouldn't be used for
obese clients
◉ Describe skinfold protocol Answer: Explain the purpose of the
test
Explain the test procedures
Measure skinfolds on right side of body at eye level
Lift fold 1 cm above desired site, place calipers directly over desired
site
Position calipers perpendicular to site of measurement
Administer 2 trials within 1mm
Measure skinfolds in rotational order
DO NOT REMOVE FINGERS PINCHING WHILE MEASURING
,◉ What are the 7 skinfold sites? Answer: - Tricep (midpoint of
acromian and olecranon)
- Bicep (belly of bicep)
- Scapula (3cm inferior)
- Waist (3cm superior of iliac crest)
- Stomach (3cm lateral and 1cm inferior of belly)
- Thigh (midpoint of inguinal crease and prox patella)
- Calf (widest medial point)
◉ Describe the pros and cons of bioelectrical impedance Answer:
Pros: easy to use, fairly reliable, quick results
Cons: can be impacted by client age, water level, cannot be used with
people with pacemakers
◉ Describe the pros and cons of DEXA Answer: Pros: very reliable,
can highlight fat distribution
Cons: movement may disrupt image, expensive, exposure to
radiation
◉ Describe the process of taking BP Answer: 1. Locate and palpate
radial pulse
2. Close valve and increase pressure to 70 mmHg
3. Slowly increase pressure further until pulse disappears
,4. Position earpieces of stethoscope in line with auditory canals
5. Place diaphragm of stethoscope over brachial pulse
6. Close valve and increase pressure to 20-30 mmHg above systolic
estimate
7. Release pressure slowly
8. Note pressure of first Korotkoff sound (systolic)
9. Note measurement of Phase V diastolic pressure
10. Continue deflating cuff for at least 10 mmHg.
11. Continue listening for further sounds
12. Record Systolic and Diastolic values
13. Repeat and compare to 1st trial
14. Correctly classify resting blood pressure
◉ What are the stages of BP? Answer: Normal - <120/<80
Prehypertension - 120-139/80-89
Stage 1- 140-159/90-99
Stage 2 - > 160/100
Hypertensive crisis >180/110
◉ Describe the normal and abnormal HR response to exercise
Answer: Normal: increase in HR depending on what type of exercise
, Abnormal: sudden increase in HR, increase in HR with no increase in
CO
◉ Describe the normal and abnormal BP response to exercise
Answer: Normal: increase in systolic BP and a slight increase in
diastolic BP
Abnormal: no increase in BP, severe hypotension post exercise, large
increase in DBP
◉ What is mean arterial pressure? Answer: Average pressure in
arteries during one cardiac cycle (65-110)
◉ 5 lead EKG Answer: Green - right lower ribs
White - right inferior to clavicle
Black - left inferior to clavicle
Red - left lower ribs
Brown - 4th intercostal space
◉ Signs of an MI on a ECG? Answer: Downsloping ST segment and
pathologic Q waves
◉ What are the segments of the EKG? Answer: QRS complex -
ventricular depolarization
P - atrial depolarization
PAPER SOLVED ITEMS ACCURATE MARKING
◉ Describe the pros and cons of skinfold measurements Answer:
Pros: accurate for leaner subjects, multiple equations for different
populations
Cons: high rate of user error, taking repeated measurements can
increase error, can be impacted by physical activity (level of water in
muscles)/ environment (cold/hot weather), shouldn't be used for
obese clients
◉ Describe skinfold protocol Answer: Explain the purpose of the
test
Explain the test procedures
Measure skinfolds on right side of body at eye level
Lift fold 1 cm above desired site, place calipers directly over desired
site
Position calipers perpendicular to site of measurement
Administer 2 trials within 1mm
Measure skinfolds in rotational order
DO NOT REMOVE FINGERS PINCHING WHILE MEASURING
,◉ What are the 7 skinfold sites? Answer: - Tricep (midpoint of
acromian and olecranon)
- Bicep (belly of bicep)
- Scapula (3cm inferior)
- Waist (3cm superior of iliac crest)
- Stomach (3cm lateral and 1cm inferior of belly)
- Thigh (midpoint of inguinal crease and prox patella)
- Calf (widest medial point)
◉ Describe the pros and cons of bioelectrical impedance Answer:
Pros: easy to use, fairly reliable, quick results
Cons: can be impacted by client age, water level, cannot be used with
people with pacemakers
◉ Describe the pros and cons of DEXA Answer: Pros: very reliable,
can highlight fat distribution
Cons: movement may disrupt image, expensive, exposure to
radiation
◉ Describe the process of taking BP Answer: 1. Locate and palpate
radial pulse
2. Close valve and increase pressure to 70 mmHg
3. Slowly increase pressure further until pulse disappears
,4. Position earpieces of stethoscope in line with auditory canals
5. Place diaphragm of stethoscope over brachial pulse
6. Close valve and increase pressure to 20-30 mmHg above systolic
estimate
7. Release pressure slowly
8. Note pressure of first Korotkoff sound (systolic)
9. Note measurement of Phase V diastolic pressure
10. Continue deflating cuff for at least 10 mmHg.
11. Continue listening for further sounds
12. Record Systolic and Diastolic values
13. Repeat and compare to 1st trial
14. Correctly classify resting blood pressure
◉ What are the stages of BP? Answer: Normal - <120/<80
Prehypertension - 120-139/80-89
Stage 1- 140-159/90-99
Stage 2 - > 160/100
Hypertensive crisis >180/110
◉ Describe the normal and abnormal HR response to exercise
Answer: Normal: increase in HR depending on what type of exercise
, Abnormal: sudden increase in HR, increase in HR with no increase in
CO
◉ Describe the normal and abnormal BP response to exercise
Answer: Normal: increase in systolic BP and a slight increase in
diastolic BP
Abnormal: no increase in BP, severe hypotension post exercise, large
increase in DBP
◉ What is mean arterial pressure? Answer: Average pressure in
arteries during one cardiac cycle (65-110)
◉ 5 lead EKG Answer: Green - right lower ribs
White - right inferior to clavicle
Black - left inferior to clavicle
Red - left lower ribs
Brown - 4th intercostal space
◉ Signs of an MI on a ECG? Answer: Downsloping ST segment and
pathologic Q waves
◉ What are the segments of the EKG? Answer: QRS complex -
ventricular depolarization
P - atrial depolarization
