BIO 172 UH MANOA EXAM 2 2026 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | A+ GRADED | WITH EXPERT
SOLUTIONS
Animal qualities 1. 2. 3. 4. ? - (answer)(Multicellular eukaryotes, heterotrophs, cells lack cell walls,
bodies held together by structural proteins-collagen)
What is Collagen? 1. 2. 3. 4. - (answer)(Most abundant protein in animal bodies, flexible, high tensile
strength and elastic resistance)
Skin vs Ligament vs Tendon arrangement of collagen? - (answer)1skin- dense irregular. 2. Ligament-
sheets. 3. Tendon- cable-like
Germ layers give rise to 1 2? - (answer)Tissues and Organs of an embryo
Ectoderm - (answer)Outer layer of cells
Endoderm - (answer)Inner layer of cells forms digestive tube
Archenteron - (answer)digestive tube
Blastula, Gastration, Gastrula? - (answer)Blastula is hollow ball of cells, gastration the cells fold to form a
gastrula where a digestive tube begins to form and ecto/ectoderms are created by the folding
Diploblastic - (answer)ectoderm/endoderm
Triploblastic - (answer)ectoderm/endoderm AND mesoderm
Bilaterians - (answer)all multicellular animals other than sponges and cnidarians
Bilaterian traits - (answer)bilateral symmetry and cephalization
, BIO 172 UH MANOA EXAM 2 2026 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | A+ GRADED | WITH EXPERT
SOLUTIONS
larva - (answer)sexually immature and underdeveloped. requires metamorphosis
juvenile - (answer)sexually immature
When did animal diversity begin - (answer)675-800 million years ago
When did the Cambrian explosion occur - (answer)525-535 million years ago
(earliest fossils of existing phylum)
What are the Cambrian hypotheses? - (answer)Predator prey relationships. Rise in atmospheric oxygen.
Evolution of HOX gene
What do Hox genes do? - (answer)regulate and control development of body form
3 major bilateral groups? - (answer)Deuterostomes, Lophotrochozoa,
Ecdysozoa
Protostome - (answer)proto- spiral cleavage.
Coelom forms within middle layer. initial opening becomes the mouth
Deuterostome - (answer)Deutero- radial cleavage. coelom forms from outpocketing middle layer. Intial
opening becomes anus
Placozoa Trichoplax adherens - (answer)simplest animal
sessile - (answer)no locomotion
SOLUTIONS
Animal qualities 1. 2. 3. 4. ? - (answer)(Multicellular eukaryotes, heterotrophs, cells lack cell walls,
bodies held together by structural proteins-collagen)
What is Collagen? 1. 2. 3. 4. - (answer)(Most abundant protein in animal bodies, flexible, high tensile
strength and elastic resistance)
Skin vs Ligament vs Tendon arrangement of collagen? - (answer)1skin- dense irregular. 2. Ligament-
sheets. 3. Tendon- cable-like
Germ layers give rise to 1 2? - (answer)Tissues and Organs of an embryo
Ectoderm - (answer)Outer layer of cells
Endoderm - (answer)Inner layer of cells forms digestive tube
Archenteron - (answer)digestive tube
Blastula, Gastration, Gastrula? - (answer)Blastula is hollow ball of cells, gastration the cells fold to form a
gastrula where a digestive tube begins to form and ecto/ectoderms are created by the folding
Diploblastic - (answer)ectoderm/endoderm
Triploblastic - (answer)ectoderm/endoderm AND mesoderm
Bilaterians - (answer)all multicellular animals other than sponges and cnidarians
Bilaterian traits - (answer)bilateral symmetry and cephalization
, BIO 172 UH MANOA EXAM 2 2026 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | A+ GRADED | WITH EXPERT
SOLUTIONS
larva - (answer)sexually immature and underdeveloped. requires metamorphosis
juvenile - (answer)sexually immature
When did animal diversity begin - (answer)675-800 million years ago
When did the Cambrian explosion occur - (answer)525-535 million years ago
(earliest fossils of existing phylum)
What are the Cambrian hypotheses? - (answer)Predator prey relationships. Rise in atmospheric oxygen.
Evolution of HOX gene
What do Hox genes do? - (answer)regulate and control development of body form
3 major bilateral groups? - (answer)Deuterostomes, Lophotrochozoa,
Ecdysozoa
Protostome - (answer)proto- spiral cleavage.
Coelom forms within middle layer. initial opening becomes the mouth
Deuterostome - (answer)Deutero- radial cleavage. coelom forms from outpocketing middle layer. Intial
opening becomes anus
Placozoa Trichoplax adherens - (answer)simplest animal
sessile - (answer)no locomotion
