NR 328
(EDAPT WEEK 1)
Introduction to Pediatric Nursing
Pediatric Nursing
,Introduction to Pediatric Nursing
Developmental Stages and Theorists
Erikson's Stages of Psychological Development
Trust versus mistrust
Autonomy versus shame or doubt
Initiative versus guilt
Identity versus role confusion
Industry versus inferiority
Kohlberg's Stages of Moral Development
Preconventional
Conventional
Postconventional
Piaget's Stages of Cognitive Development
Sensorimotor period
Preoperational thought
Concrete operation
Formal operation
Separation Anxiety
Which nursing intervention is appropriate to minimize separation anxiety
in a hospitalized toddler?
Encourage parents to room in.
,A toddler experiences separation anxiety secondary to being separated
from the parents. To avoid this, the parents should be encouraged to
room in as much as possible. Being with people they are familiar with will
provide a sense of security.
A toddler does not need privacy and that will only exacerbate feelings of
isolation and loneliness. Toddlers are unable to comprehend complex
procedures and routines, and they are not interested in other children of
their age.
Nursing Considerations
Match the age to the expected developmental achievement.
Growth and development milestones:
12-month-old: says a few words (mama, dada)
2-year-old toddler: achieves 50% of adult height
5-year-old preschool: visual acuity approaching 20/20 (As with many
growth and development milestones, visual acuity may still be
developing for the 5-year-old, reaching optimal vision by 6 years)
8-year-old school-age: enjoys collecting items
16-year-old adolescent: development of family conflicts
Health and Wellness: Pediatric
Stages
Life span development influences our overall health and well-being.
Nurses seek to understand how age, risk-behavior, and wellness
contribute to optimal health outcomes.
Click below to review age-related differences, health risks, health
promotion concepts, and how the nursing process is used across the life
span development continuum.
, Infant (1 month to 1 year):
Birth weight doubles by 5 months.
Height increases about 2.5 cm monthly during the
first 6 months and then about 1.2 cm monthly until
1 year.
Physical Vision and hearing develop.
Some newborn reflexes disappear (grasping,
sucking, etc.).
By 4 months, an infant can hold their head up.
Learning to sit, stand and walk.
Develop in the sensorimotor period by Piaget.
Explore through senses and learn through trial and
error.
Shake, throw, and put things in their mouth.
Important milestone: Object permanence develops
Cognitive between 7-9 months (knowing things still exist even
if not seen).
Language develops from crying, cooing, and
laughing to imitating sounds, comprehending the
meaning of simple commands, and repeating
words.
Experience Erikson’s period of trust vs. mistrust
(learning to trust self and others through caregiver
interactions).
Begin to separate self from others.
Psychosocial By 8 months, differentiates strangers from familiar
people and close attachment to caregiver occurs.
By 9 months, able to play simple games, such as
peekaboo.
Health Risks Injury: motor vehicle, aspiration, suffocation, falls
and poisoning.
Physical or emotional abuse or neglect.
(EDAPT WEEK 1)
Introduction to Pediatric Nursing
Pediatric Nursing
,Introduction to Pediatric Nursing
Developmental Stages and Theorists
Erikson's Stages of Psychological Development
Trust versus mistrust
Autonomy versus shame or doubt
Initiative versus guilt
Identity versus role confusion
Industry versus inferiority
Kohlberg's Stages of Moral Development
Preconventional
Conventional
Postconventional
Piaget's Stages of Cognitive Development
Sensorimotor period
Preoperational thought
Concrete operation
Formal operation
Separation Anxiety
Which nursing intervention is appropriate to minimize separation anxiety
in a hospitalized toddler?
Encourage parents to room in.
,A toddler experiences separation anxiety secondary to being separated
from the parents. To avoid this, the parents should be encouraged to
room in as much as possible. Being with people they are familiar with will
provide a sense of security.
A toddler does not need privacy and that will only exacerbate feelings of
isolation and loneliness. Toddlers are unable to comprehend complex
procedures and routines, and they are not interested in other children of
their age.
Nursing Considerations
Match the age to the expected developmental achievement.
Growth and development milestones:
12-month-old: says a few words (mama, dada)
2-year-old toddler: achieves 50% of adult height
5-year-old preschool: visual acuity approaching 20/20 (As with many
growth and development milestones, visual acuity may still be
developing for the 5-year-old, reaching optimal vision by 6 years)
8-year-old school-age: enjoys collecting items
16-year-old adolescent: development of family conflicts
Health and Wellness: Pediatric
Stages
Life span development influences our overall health and well-being.
Nurses seek to understand how age, risk-behavior, and wellness
contribute to optimal health outcomes.
Click below to review age-related differences, health risks, health
promotion concepts, and how the nursing process is used across the life
span development continuum.
, Infant (1 month to 1 year):
Birth weight doubles by 5 months.
Height increases about 2.5 cm monthly during the
first 6 months and then about 1.2 cm monthly until
1 year.
Physical Vision and hearing develop.
Some newborn reflexes disappear (grasping,
sucking, etc.).
By 4 months, an infant can hold their head up.
Learning to sit, stand and walk.
Develop in the sensorimotor period by Piaget.
Explore through senses and learn through trial and
error.
Shake, throw, and put things in their mouth.
Important milestone: Object permanence develops
Cognitive between 7-9 months (knowing things still exist even
if not seen).
Language develops from crying, cooing, and
laughing to imitating sounds, comprehending the
meaning of simple commands, and repeating
words.
Experience Erikson’s period of trust vs. mistrust
(learning to trust self and others through caregiver
interactions).
Begin to separate self from others.
Psychosocial By 8 months, differentiates strangers from familiar
people and close attachment to caregiver occurs.
By 9 months, able to play simple games, such as
peekaboo.
Health Risks Injury: motor vehicle, aspiration, suffocation, falls
and poisoning.
Physical or emotional abuse or neglect.
