NYSTCE Multi-Subject CST (221.222.245)
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Prereading - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔All knowledge, skills and experience that
come before conventional literacy. Students gain oral vocabulary, learn
sentence structure, develop phonological awareness
Running record - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔An assessment which measures a child'
fluency during oral reading
Phonological awareness - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔an awareness of the ability to
manipulate the sounds of spoken words; it is a broad term that includes
identifying and making rhymes, recognizing alliteration, identifying and
working with syllables in spoken words, identifying and working with onsets
and rhymes in spoken syllables.
,Phonemic Awareness - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔The ability to hear, identify, and
manipulate the individual sounds, in oral language.
5 Major Types of Tasks to develop Phonemic Awareness - 🧠 ANSWER
✔✔1. Recognize sets of works have similar sounds (identifying rhyming
words in a sentence)
2. Learn to examine a set of words to determine which is not like the
others, oddity task)
3. Learn how to blend sounds to create words
4. Divide words into their phonemes (segmenting words) and count the
number of sounds in a word
5. Learn how to manipulate the sounds in a word by
substituting or deleting one or many phonemes
Print Concept - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Understanding how text works to
communicate a message. Includes handing of books and orientation of
text.
Ways to facilitate print concepts - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Combining movement
activities to convey bottom, top side. Teach the parts of a book.
,Experiences with different fonts and text sizes and the different meanings
they have. Spacing. Writing exercises. Use of meta-language to descibe
books.
Alphabet Recognition - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔being able to identify the letters of
the alphabet both capital and lowercase when asked to do so
Alphabetic principle - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔the relationship between letters or
combinations of letters (graphemes) and sounds (phonemes)
Short Vowel sounds - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔every vowel has two sounds, the
vocal cords are more relaxed when producing the short vowel sound
because of this the sounds are often referred to as lax. They can be heard
at the beginning of these words: apple, Ed, igloo, octopus, and umbrella.
Digraph - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔n. A union of two characters representing a single
sound.
Diphthong - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔n. The sound produced by combining two
vowels in to a single syllable or running together the sounds.
CVC - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔consonant-vowel-consonant pattern which produces
a short vowel sound or a closed syllable.
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STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
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, Consonant Clusters - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔- also called blends
- Consonants that occur side by side within the same
syllable.
-No intervening vowel sound
Phonics - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔the study of the sounds of the letters of the
alphabet
Phonograms - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Often called word families, these end in high
frequency rimes that vary only in the beginning consonant sound to make a
word. For example, back, sack, black and track.
Onset - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔the part of a syllable that comes before the vowel
(e.g., str in string)
Rime - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔The vowel and the ending consonants after the
onset
Semantic Cues - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Use of knowledge about the subject of the
text and words associated with that subject to identify an unknown word
within a text: meaning cues from each sentence and the evolving whole.
2025 Expert Verified | Ace the Test
Prereading - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔All knowledge, skills and experience that
come before conventional literacy. Students gain oral vocabulary, learn
sentence structure, develop phonological awareness
Running record - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔An assessment which measures a child'
fluency during oral reading
Phonological awareness - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔an awareness of the ability to
manipulate the sounds of spoken words; it is a broad term that includes
identifying and making rhymes, recognizing alliteration, identifying and
working with syllables in spoken words, identifying and working with onsets
and rhymes in spoken syllables.
,Phonemic Awareness - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔The ability to hear, identify, and
manipulate the individual sounds, in oral language.
5 Major Types of Tasks to develop Phonemic Awareness - 🧠 ANSWER
✔✔1. Recognize sets of works have similar sounds (identifying rhyming
words in a sentence)
2. Learn to examine a set of words to determine which is not like the
others, oddity task)
3. Learn how to blend sounds to create words
4. Divide words into their phonemes (segmenting words) and count the
number of sounds in a word
5. Learn how to manipulate the sounds in a word by
substituting or deleting one or many phonemes
Print Concept - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Understanding how text works to
communicate a message. Includes handing of books and orientation of
text.
Ways to facilitate print concepts - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Combining movement
activities to convey bottom, top side. Teach the parts of a book.
,Experiences with different fonts and text sizes and the different meanings
they have. Spacing. Writing exercises. Use of meta-language to descibe
books.
Alphabet Recognition - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔being able to identify the letters of
the alphabet both capital and lowercase when asked to do so
Alphabetic principle - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔the relationship between letters or
combinations of letters (graphemes) and sounds (phonemes)
Short Vowel sounds - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔every vowel has two sounds, the
vocal cords are more relaxed when producing the short vowel sound
because of this the sounds are often referred to as lax. They can be heard
at the beginning of these words: apple, Ed, igloo, octopus, and umbrella.
Digraph - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔n. A union of two characters representing a single
sound.
Diphthong - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔n. The sound produced by combining two
vowels in to a single syllable or running together the sounds.
CVC - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔consonant-vowel-consonant pattern which produces
a short vowel sound or a closed syllable.
COPYRIGHT©NINJANERD 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY
STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
3
, Consonant Clusters - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔- also called blends
- Consonants that occur side by side within the same
syllable.
-No intervening vowel sound
Phonics - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔the study of the sounds of the letters of the
alphabet
Phonograms - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Often called word families, these end in high
frequency rimes that vary only in the beginning consonant sound to make a
word. For example, back, sack, black and track.
Onset - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔the part of a syllable that comes before the vowel
(e.g., str in string)
Rime - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔The vowel and the ending consonants after the
onset
Semantic Cues - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Use of knowledge about the subject of the
text and words associated with that subject to identify an unknown word
within a text: meaning cues from each sentence and the evolving whole.
