NUTR-313 Final: Lecture 32 (Nutrition
for Reproduction) QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 100% RATED CORRECT
WITH 100% SURE PASS|GRADED A+
Nutrition for Reproduction - CORRECT ANSWERS
Nutrient Needs for Pregnancy & Lactation - CORRECT ANSWERS So we are going to start by
talking about the needs that we have during the pregnancy and lactation phases.
1.) This is actually an interesting topic in terms of behavioral nutritional needs because a lot of us tend
to have changed behavioral patterns during pregnancy
2.) There are a lot of theories about why this happens from very biological explanations and
neurohormonal changes and maybe even real genuine cravings for nutrients and changes in the diet
that are centered on our needs
→ But, more people think it is just because our hedonic eating, or our pleasurable eating needs change
and we tend to psychosocial think we are eating for two
So, we have all sorts of interesting psychosocial behavioral things that we could discuss, but we are
going to stick to just talking about research-based nutrient calculations, how we figured out how many
extra milligrams or grams of certain nutrients pregnant women need to accommodate their own
maintenance as well as develop the very quickly growing fetus.
Energy & Macronutrients for Pregnancy - CORRECT ANSWERS So we are going to talk about
the DRI and some of the different components of pregnancy requirements:
1.) So, the first thing you see is energy and macronutrients for pregnancy
→ So we do not actually have an increase in needs for either one of these two components until
trimester two and three and we can see that once the fetus has gained a little size and placental and
maternal tissues have grown a little bit, we do have an increased need for calories and these calories are
going to come from, or how we determine the need for these, are through what is called balance studies
, ⤷ Balance Studies: So they will very carefully calculate what someone's bringing in, and not only of
calories but also of carbohydrates, protein, and all the other nutrients that they have determined using
these methods. They will measure very carefully how much comes in, very carefully how much is lost
through skin losses, urinary losses, all the different ways that we expel nutrients from our body and then
they will take the difference from that and call that our retained nutrient levels
⬩ This was the perfect way to determine extra nutrient needs for pregnant women because however
much was retained we could assume it covered their maintenance needs which we already knew from
all of that research on just healthy adults, and then we could add in the amount needed for the fetus
both in the deposition of the placental tissue and the fetal tissue
2.) And so this is exactly how they determine the needs for protein!
→ You can see that the daily placental need and fetal needs was 25 grams for protein and you can very
nicely see that 25 gram difference between the non-pregnant and pregnant RDA
→ In trimester two and three it is anywhere from 350 to 450 calories per dat
Micronutrients for Pregnancy - CORRECT ANSWERS Looking at micronutrient needs
(vitamins and minerals) we can see that the daily pregnancy need for iron is 22.
1.) Now, there is some interesting things going on with iron because they did the methods the same
way, the whole balance concept of intake and losses and that is going to equal what we needed, but in
the instance of iron there was also the whole concept of erythrocyte mass!
→ So pregnant women, as we all learned, they have a huge expansion in their blood volume and their
water and so because of that they have a to have a lot more red blood cells that they produce and that
takes more iron!
→ So, that expansion in erythrocyte mass is included and then counts in that 22mg of iron daily that is
needed
2.) But, something interesting is that you can see the pregnant versus non-pregnant RDA is actually not
too much higher, and that is because of the loss or the cessation of menstrual losses. There is no more
being lost from monthly menstrual cycles!
3.) Also with iron, we can see that they are accounting now for bioavailability (and we introduced this in
the mineral chapter talking about how certain things bind to minerals and affect how well they are
absorbed and retained)
→ This was something else that was considered in the nutrition research with that, hey, not all of the
iron that we eat we get in, in fact only a quarter of it! So, we have to multiply that factor!
→ That is why this number is even as high as it is because we had to consider the bioavailability of iron
for Reproduction) QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 100% RATED CORRECT
WITH 100% SURE PASS|GRADED A+
Nutrition for Reproduction - CORRECT ANSWERS
Nutrient Needs for Pregnancy & Lactation - CORRECT ANSWERS So we are going to start by
talking about the needs that we have during the pregnancy and lactation phases.
1.) This is actually an interesting topic in terms of behavioral nutritional needs because a lot of us tend
to have changed behavioral patterns during pregnancy
2.) There are a lot of theories about why this happens from very biological explanations and
neurohormonal changes and maybe even real genuine cravings for nutrients and changes in the diet
that are centered on our needs
→ But, more people think it is just because our hedonic eating, or our pleasurable eating needs change
and we tend to psychosocial think we are eating for two
So, we have all sorts of interesting psychosocial behavioral things that we could discuss, but we are
going to stick to just talking about research-based nutrient calculations, how we figured out how many
extra milligrams or grams of certain nutrients pregnant women need to accommodate their own
maintenance as well as develop the very quickly growing fetus.
Energy & Macronutrients for Pregnancy - CORRECT ANSWERS So we are going to talk about
the DRI and some of the different components of pregnancy requirements:
1.) So, the first thing you see is energy and macronutrients for pregnancy
→ So we do not actually have an increase in needs for either one of these two components until
trimester two and three and we can see that once the fetus has gained a little size and placental and
maternal tissues have grown a little bit, we do have an increased need for calories and these calories are
going to come from, or how we determine the need for these, are through what is called balance studies
, ⤷ Balance Studies: So they will very carefully calculate what someone's bringing in, and not only of
calories but also of carbohydrates, protein, and all the other nutrients that they have determined using
these methods. They will measure very carefully how much comes in, very carefully how much is lost
through skin losses, urinary losses, all the different ways that we expel nutrients from our body and then
they will take the difference from that and call that our retained nutrient levels
⬩ This was the perfect way to determine extra nutrient needs for pregnant women because however
much was retained we could assume it covered their maintenance needs which we already knew from
all of that research on just healthy adults, and then we could add in the amount needed for the fetus
both in the deposition of the placental tissue and the fetal tissue
2.) And so this is exactly how they determine the needs for protein!
→ You can see that the daily placental need and fetal needs was 25 grams for protein and you can very
nicely see that 25 gram difference between the non-pregnant and pregnant RDA
→ In trimester two and three it is anywhere from 350 to 450 calories per dat
Micronutrients for Pregnancy - CORRECT ANSWERS Looking at micronutrient needs
(vitamins and minerals) we can see that the daily pregnancy need for iron is 22.
1.) Now, there is some interesting things going on with iron because they did the methods the same
way, the whole balance concept of intake and losses and that is going to equal what we needed, but in
the instance of iron there was also the whole concept of erythrocyte mass!
→ So pregnant women, as we all learned, they have a huge expansion in their blood volume and their
water and so because of that they have a to have a lot more red blood cells that they produce and that
takes more iron!
→ So, that expansion in erythrocyte mass is included and then counts in that 22mg of iron daily that is
needed
2.) But, something interesting is that you can see the pregnant versus non-pregnant RDA is actually not
too much higher, and that is because of the loss or the cessation of menstrual losses. There is no more
being lost from monthly menstrual cycles!
3.) Also with iron, we can see that they are accounting now for bioavailability (and we introduced this in
the mineral chapter talking about how certain things bind to minerals and affect how well they are
absorbed and retained)
→ This was something else that was considered in the nutrition research with that, hey, not all of the
iron that we eat we get in, in fact only a quarter of it! So, we have to multiply that factor!
→ That is why this number is even as high as it is because we had to consider the bioavailability of iron
