NURS 5315 Advanced Pathophysiology UTA Exam 1 (Latest 2026 Update) Real Questions and Verified Answers | 100%
Correct | Already Graded A+.
1. What can Reactive Oxygen Species cause?: Heart disease, Alzheimers,
Parkinsons, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), CV disease, HTN, HLD,
DM, ischemic heart disease, HF, OSA. Lipid perioxidation, damage proteins,
fragment DNA, less *protein synthesis*, chromatin destruction, damage
mitochondria
2. What is the body's defense against ROS?: Antioxidants (Vitamin E, Vitamin
C, cysteine, glutathione, albumin, ceruloplasmin, transferrin)
3. How are free radicals produced?: 1. Normal cellular respiration
2. Absorption of extreme energy sources (radiation, UV light)
3. Metabolism of exogenous chemicals, drugs, and pesticides
4. Transition of metals
5. Nitric oxide acting like a chemical mediator and a free radical
4. action potential: Process of conducting an impulse. Activates the neuron --
> the neuron depolarizes --> then repolarizes
5. Threshold potential: Point at which depolarization must reach in order
to initiate an action potential
6. Hypokalemia and action potentials: HYPERpolarized (more negative, ex. -
100). Less excitable. Decreased neuromuscular excitability: weakness, smooth
muscle atony, paresthesia, cardiac dysrhythmias
7. Hyperkalemia and action potentials: HYPOpolarized (more positive, ex:
closer to 0). More excitable. Peaked T waves.
When resting membrane potential=threshold potential, it is BAD = cardiac
standstill, paresthesia, paralysis
,NURS 5315 Advanced Pathophysiology UTA Exam 1 (Latest 2026 Update) Real Questions and Verified Answers | 100%
Correct | Already Graded A+.
.
8. Hypocalcemia and action potentials: Increased permeability to Na+.
More excitable. Tetany, hyperreflexia, circumoral paresthesia, seizures,
dysrhythmias.
9. Hypercalcemia and action potentials: Decreased permeability to
Na+. Less excitable. Weakness, hyporeflexia, fatigue, lethargy, confusion,
encephalopathy, depressed T waves
10. Atrophy: Occurs as a result of decrease in work load, pressure, use,
blood supply, nutrition, hormonal stimulation, or nervous stimulation. Once the
cell has decreased in size, it has now compensated for decreased blood supply,
nerve supply, nutrient supply, hormonal supply, and has achieved new
homeostasis. Cells are alive but have diminished function and may lead to
cellular death.
11. Atrophy examples: Physiologic atrophy- shrinking of the thymus gland
during childhood.
Disuse atrophy- someone that ends up being paralyzed
12. Hypertrophy: Increase in SIZE of cells, which will lead to increase in size
of organ. Caused by hormonal stimulation or increased functional demand.
13 Hypertrophy examples: physiologic hypertrophy- skeletal hypertrophy when
a person does heavy work or weight lifting / when a kidney is surgically removed,
the other kidney increases in size
pathologic hypertrophy- cardiomegaly results from an increased workload in
hypertensive patients / *left ventricular hypertrophy*
14. Hyperplasia: Increase in NUMBER of cells. Results from increased rate
of mitosis. Can ONLY happen in cells that are capable of mitosis (cell division).
,NURS 5315 Advanced Pathophysiology UTA Exam 1 (Latest 2026 Update) Real Questions and Verified Answers | 100%
Correct | Already Graded A+.
15. Hyperplasia examples: 1. Thickening of skin because of hyperplasia of
epidermal cells.
2. Hormonal hyperplasia- occurs in estrogen dependent organs like uterus
,NURS 5315 Advanced Pathophysiology UTA Exam 1 (Latest 2026 Update) Real Questions and Verified Answers | 100%
Correct | Already Graded A+.
and breast.
Correct | Already Graded A+.
1. What can Reactive Oxygen Species cause?: Heart disease, Alzheimers,
Parkinsons, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), CV disease, HTN, HLD,
DM, ischemic heart disease, HF, OSA. Lipid perioxidation, damage proteins,
fragment DNA, less *protein synthesis*, chromatin destruction, damage
mitochondria
2. What is the body's defense against ROS?: Antioxidants (Vitamin E, Vitamin
C, cysteine, glutathione, albumin, ceruloplasmin, transferrin)
3. How are free radicals produced?: 1. Normal cellular respiration
2. Absorption of extreme energy sources (radiation, UV light)
3. Metabolism of exogenous chemicals, drugs, and pesticides
4. Transition of metals
5. Nitric oxide acting like a chemical mediator and a free radical
4. action potential: Process of conducting an impulse. Activates the neuron --
> the neuron depolarizes --> then repolarizes
5. Threshold potential: Point at which depolarization must reach in order
to initiate an action potential
6. Hypokalemia and action potentials: HYPERpolarized (more negative, ex. -
100). Less excitable. Decreased neuromuscular excitability: weakness, smooth
muscle atony, paresthesia, cardiac dysrhythmias
7. Hyperkalemia and action potentials: HYPOpolarized (more positive, ex:
closer to 0). More excitable. Peaked T waves.
When resting membrane potential=threshold potential, it is BAD = cardiac
standstill, paresthesia, paralysis
,NURS 5315 Advanced Pathophysiology UTA Exam 1 (Latest 2026 Update) Real Questions and Verified Answers | 100%
Correct | Already Graded A+.
.
8. Hypocalcemia and action potentials: Increased permeability to Na+.
More excitable. Tetany, hyperreflexia, circumoral paresthesia, seizures,
dysrhythmias.
9. Hypercalcemia and action potentials: Decreased permeability to
Na+. Less excitable. Weakness, hyporeflexia, fatigue, lethargy, confusion,
encephalopathy, depressed T waves
10. Atrophy: Occurs as a result of decrease in work load, pressure, use,
blood supply, nutrition, hormonal stimulation, or nervous stimulation. Once the
cell has decreased in size, it has now compensated for decreased blood supply,
nerve supply, nutrient supply, hormonal supply, and has achieved new
homeostasis. Cells are alive but have diminished function and may lead to
cellular death.
11. Atrophy examples: Physiologic atrophy- shrinking of the thymus gland
during childhood.
Disuse atrophy- someone that ends up being paralyzed
12. Hypertrophy: Increase in SIZE of cells, which will lead to increase in size
of organ. Caused by hormonal stimulation or increased functional demand.
13 Hypertrophy examples: physiologic hypertrophy- skeletal hypertrophy when
a person does heavy work or weight lifting / when a kidney is surgically removed,
the other kidney increases in size
pathologic hypertrophy- cardiomegaly results from an increased workload in
hypertensive patients / *left ventricular hypertrophy*
14. Hyperplasia: Increase in NUMBER of cells. Results from increased rate
of mitosis. Can ONLY happen in cells that are capable of mitosis (cell division).
,NURS 5315 Advanced Pathophysiology UTA Exam 1 (Latest 2026 Update) Real Questions and Verified Answers | 100%
Correct | Already Graded A+.
15. Hyperplasia examples: 1. Thickening of skin because of hyperplasia of
epidermal cells.
2. Hormonal hyperplasia- occurs in estrogen dependent organs like uterus
,NURS 5315 Advanced Pathophysiology UTA Exam 1 (Latest 2026 Update) Real Questions and Verified Answers | 100%
Correct | Already Graded A+.
and breast.
