COMSAE TESTBANK NEWEST 2026-
2027. QUESTIONS & CORRECT
ANSWERS. GRADED A
1st generation antihistamines - ANSdiphenhydramine, dimenhydrinate,
chlorpheniramine "en/ine" or "en/ate"
use: allergy motion sick, sleep aid
AE: sedation, antimuscarinic, anti alpha adrenergic
2 bitemporal hemianopia - ANSoptic chiasm, pituitary tumor
2nd generation antihistimes - ANSloratadine, fexofenadine, desloratadine,
cetgirizine "adines"
use: allergy; far less sedation than first gen bc dec entry into CNS
A beta lipoproteinemia - ANSAR
chylomicrons VLDL LDL absent
deficiency in the B's ApoB-48, and B100
infants: severe fat malabsorption, steatorrhea, fail to thrive
later: retinitis pigments, spinocerebellar degeneration> Vit E deficiency,
progressive ataxia, acanthocytosis
1
,Tx: large dose oral Vitamin E; restriction of long chain fatty acids
Acanthocytosis - ANSspiky spiny RBC
-indicative of pancreatitis, cirrhosis or abetalipoproteinemia
Acetaminophen - ANSmoa: reversibly inhibit COX, mostly CNS;
AE: OD>> hepatic necrosis; NAPQI depletes glutathione>> toxic
byproducts liver; NAC= antidote>> regenerate glutathione
Acidic amino acids - ANSaspartic acid
glutamic acid
neg charged @ body pH
Albinism - ANSDefective tyrosinase (DEC DOPA> MELANIN)
ALKAPTONURIA - ANSCongenital AR deficiency homogentisate oxidase
(tyrosine> fumarate);
pigment forming homogentisic acid accumulate in tissue;
findings: bluish black CT; ear cartilage, sclerae (ochronosis); urine black on
prolong exposure to air; poss debilitating arthralgia (toxic to cartilage)
Alkaptonuria - ANShomogentisate oxidase deficiency (tyrosine>
homogentisic acid>*** maleylacetoacetic acid> fumarate> TCA
alpha agonists should be avoided in - ANSclosed angle glaucoma pts
2
,Alpha galactosidase A (fAbrAy disease) - ANSFabr(a)y disease
Early: triad: peripheral neuropathy, angiokeratomas, hypohidrosis
LatE: progressive renal fail, CV disease
buildup: Ceramide trihexoside; X link Recessive
think Quinn Fabray gives to her kids (x link)
Amino Acids only L in proteins; glucogenic - ANSI met his valentine, she's
so sweet (glycogenic)
methionine
histidine
valine
=gluconeogenic
AntiHistamines - ANSReversible inhibitor of H1 histamine receptors
Apo A-I - ANSActivates LCAT (maturation of HDL)
chylomicron and HDL
Apo B-48 - ANSmediate chylomicron secrete to lymphatics
specific to chylomicron and remnant!!
Apo C-II - ANSlipoprotien lipase Cofactor that Catalyzes Cleavage
Chylomicron; VLDL, HDL
3
, Apo E - ANSmediate remnant uptake (Everything Except LDL)
Arginine - ANS-creatine
-urea
(BH4)>nitric oxid
Arylsulfatase A=Metaryl chromatic leukodystrophy - ANSMetachromatic
leukodystrophy
central and peripheral demyelination, w/ ataxia, dementia
AR
buildup Cerebroside sulfate
Axillary nerve C5-C6 - ANSflat deltoid; loss arm abduction, loss sensation
over deltoid and lateral arm
B-100 - ANSbind LDL receptor
needed on all the density DL's except High (HDL)
VLDL, IDL, LDL
Baroreceptors - ANShypotension: dec arterial pressure, dec stretch, dec
afferent receptor firing, increase efferent sympathetic firing, dec efferent
parasympathetic stimulation>> vasoconstriction> inc HR/contractility/BP
4
2027. QUESTIONS & CORRECT
ANSWERS. GRADED A
1st generation antihistamines - ANSdiphenhydramine, dimenhydrinate,
chlorpheniramine "en/ine" or "en/ate"
use: allergy motion sick, sleep aid
AE: sedation, antimuscarinic, anti alpha adrenergic
2 bitemporal hemianopia - ANSoptic chiasm, pituitary tumor
2nd generation antihistimes - ANSloratadine, fexofenadine, desloratadine,
cetgirizine "adines"
use: allergy; far less sedation than first gen bc dec entry into CNS
A beta lipoproteinemia - ANSAR
chylomicrons VLDL LDL absent
deficiency in the B's ApoB-48, and B100
infants: severe fat malabsorption, steatorrhea, fail to thrive
later: retinitis pigments, spinocerebellar degeneration> Vit E deficiency,
progressive ataxia, acanthocytosis
1
,Tx: large dose oral Vitamin E; restriction of long chain fatty acids
Acanthocytosis - ANSspiky spiny RBC
-indicative of pancreatitis, cirrhosis or abetalipoproteinemia
Acetaminophen - ANSmoa: reversibly inhibit COX, mostly CNS;
AE: OD>> hepatic necrosis; NAPQI depletes glutathione>> toxic
byproducts liver; NAC= antidote>> regenerate glutathione
Acidic amino acids - ANSaspartic acid
glutamic acid
neg charged @ body pH
Albinism - ANSDefective tyrosinase (DEC DOPA> MELANIN)
ALKAPTONURIA - ANSCongenital AR deficiency homogentisate oxidase
(tyrosine> fumarate);
pigment forming homogentisic acid accumulate in tissue;
findings: bluish black CT; ear cartilage, sclerae (ochronosis); urine black on
prolong exposure to air; poss debilitating arthralgia (toxic to cartilage)
Alkaptonuria - ANShomogentisate oxidase deficiency (tyrosine>
homogentisic acid>*** maleylacetoacetic acid> fumarate> TCA
alpha agonists should be avoided in - ANSclosed angle glaucoma pts
2
,Alpha galactosidase A (fAbrAy disease) - ANSFabr(a)y disease
Early: triad: peripheral neuropathy, angiokeratomas, hypohidrosis
LatE: progressive renal fail, CV disease
buildup: Ceramide trihexoside; X link Recessive
think Quinn Fabray gives to her kids (x link)
Amino Acids only L in proteins; glucogenic - ANSI met his valentine, she's
so sweet (glycogenic)
methionine
histidine
valine
=gluconeogenic
AntiHistamines - ANSReversible inhibitor of H1 histamine receptors
Apo A-I - ANSActivates LCAT (maturation of HDL)
chylomicron and HDL
Apo B-48 - ANSmediate chylomicron secrete to lymphatics
specific to chylomicron and remnant!!
Apo C-II - ANSlipoprotien lipase Cofactor that Catalyzes Cleavage
Chylomicron; VLDL, HDL
3
, Apo E - ANSmediate remnant uptake (Everything Except LDL)
Arginine - ANS-creatine
-urea
(BH4)>nitric oxid
Arylsulfatase A=Metaryl chromatic leukodystrophy - ANSMetachromatic
leukodystrophy
central and peripheral demyelination, w/ ataxia, dementia
AR
buildup Cerebroside sulfate
Axillary nerve C5-C6 - ANSflat deltoid; loss arm abduction, loss sensation
over deltoid and lateral arm
B-100 - ANSbind LDL receptor
needed on all the density DL's except High (HDL)
VLDL, IDL, LDL
Baroreceptors - ANShypotension: dec arterial pressure, dec stretch, dec
afferent receptor firing, increase efferent sympathetic firing, dec efferent
parasympathetic stimulation>> vasoconstriction> inc HR/contractility/BP
4
