BIOL 351/ BIOL351 Module 4: (Latest
2026/ 2027 Update) 100% Verified
Questions & correct Answers | Grade A
How do bacteria/ archaea speed up their cell cycles?
-overlapping cell cycles
-daughters can inherit already condensed and replicated chromosomes
-shorter generation time than that of replicating and dividing the cell bc chromosomes are
already replicated and ready to go
-new rounds of DNA synthesis initiated prior to cell division
Most common replication method for bacteria/ archaea?
Binary fission
-new cell envelope and new enzymes go to both daughters
-divides in mid cell
Budding
-method of reproduction for bacteria/ archaea
-new cell membrane and enzymes are isolated in the new daughter cell
-bud from one spot and grow
-mother cell develops a scar every time she buds
, BIOL 351/ BIOL351 Module 4: (Latest
2026/ 2027 Update) 100% Verified
Questions & correct Answers | Grade A
Stalked organism
-divide by budding but bud always forms at the pole
-end of cell opposite to the holdfast stalk
-daughter cell has flagella and moves away from mother cell
-stalk develops at pole opposite flagellum (flagella falls off eventually)
Streptomycetaceae
-grow in a single connected filament
-spread off in branched hyphae
-filaments have multiple nucleoids / cross walls for support
-reproduces by forming spores (each little segment gets copy of genome, develops septum to
divide)
-spores resistant to drying out and heat
-initiated to sporulate by lack of food/ harsh environment
Generalists
-bacteria that really don't care much about their environment
-grow in most normal environments
-ex: e. coli
- 8-44C (opt 39)
, BIOL 351/ BIOL351 Module 4: (Latest
2026/ 2027 Update) 100% Verified
Questions & correct Answers | Grade A
-ph 5.5-8.5 (opt 7.75)
-presence or absence of O2
-very go with the flow
specialists
-restricted growth environment
-picky ladys
-ex: sulfolobus
- 65-110C
-ph 2-3
acidophile
an organism that grows best at low pH; typically below pH 6
neutrophile
an organism that grows best at neutral pH, between pH 5.5 and 8
, BIOL 351/ BIOL351 Module 4: (Latest
2026/ 2027 Update) 100% Verified
Questions & correct Answers | Grade A
alkinophiles
an organism requiring alkaline pH environments >8
sterilization
The process that completely destroys ALL microbial life, including spores.
decontamination
Reducing the number of microorganisms to a level that is generally safe
disinfection
A process that eliminates many or all microorganisms, with the exception of bacteria spores
Antibiotic (strict definition)
antimicrobial chemical naturally produced by microorganisms
2026/ 2027 Update) 100% Verified
Questions & correct Answers | Grade A
How do bacteria/ archaea speed up their cell cycles?
-overlapping cell cycles
-daughters can inherit already condensed and replicated chromosomes
-shorter generation time than that of replicating and dividing the cell bc chromosomes are
already replicated and ready to go
-new rounds of DNA synthesis initiated prior to cell division
Most common replication method for bacteria/ archaea?
Binary fission
-new cell envelope and new enzymes go to both daughters
-divides in mid cell
Budding
-method of reproduction for bacteria/ archaea
-new cell membrane and enzymes are isolated in the new daughter cell
-bud from one spot and grow
-mother cell develops a scar every time she buds
, BIOL 351/ BIOL351 Module 4: (Latest
2026/ 2027 Update) 100% Verified
Questions & correct Answers | Grade A
Stalked organism
-divide by budding but bud always forms at the pole
-end of cell opposite to the holdfast stalk
-daughter cell has flagella and moves away from mother cell
-stalk develops at pole opposite flagellum (flagella falls off eventually)
Streptomycetaceae
-grow in a single connected filament
-spread off in branched hyphae
-filaments have multiple nucleoids / cross walls for support
-reproduces by forming spores (each little segment gets copy of genome, develops septum to
divide)
-spores resistant to drying out and heat
-initiated to sporulate by lack of food/ harsh environment
Generalists
-bacteria that really don't care much about their environment
-grow in most normal environments
-ex: e. coli
- 8-44C (opt 39)
, BIOL 351/ BIOL351 Module 4: (Latest
2026/ 2027 Update) 100% Verified
Questions & correct Answers | Grade A
-ph 5.5-8.5 (opt 7.75)
-presence or absence of O2
-very go with the flow
specialists
-restricted growth environment
-picky ladys
-ex: sulfolobus
- 65-110C
-ph 2-3
acidophile
an organism that grows best at low pH; typically below pH 6
neutrophile
an organism that grows best at neutral pH, between pH 5.5 and 8
, BIOL 351/ BIOL351 Module 4: (Latest
2026/ 2027 Update) 100% Verified
Questions & correct Answers | Grade A
alkinophiles
an organism requiring alkaline pH environments >8
sterilization
The process that completely destroys ALL microbial life, including spores.
decontamination
Reducing the number of microorganisms to a level that is generally safe
disinfection
A process that eliminates many or all microorganisms, with the exception of bacteria spores
Antibiotic (strict definition)
antimicrobial chemical naturally produced by microorganisms
