BIOLOGY 1107, Exam 3 Review Questions with Correct Answers Latest Update 2026/2027
Why is cell division necessary? - Answers Growth, cell replacement, repair, asexual reproduction.
Is reproduction asexual or sexual? What's the difference between the 2 offspring? - Answers
Both.
Asexual - identical to parent
Sexual - unique DNA from each parent
Define: gene - Answers Functional unit of DNA; codes for traits.
Define: locus - Answers Location of a gene on a chromosome.
Define: trait - Answers Specific characteristic of an individual.
Define: homologous chromosome - Answers Two chromosomes that are similar in shape and
size and carry the same genes.
AKA: matching pair of chromosomes.
Define: sister chromatids - Answers Two identical halves of a chromosome.
What is included in the cell cycle? (the big picture, don't break it down yet) - Answers Interphase,
mitosis, cytokinesis.
What does each part of interphase do?
Hint: break down the 3 sections. - Answers G1 - growth, increase in cytoplasm
S - duplication of chromosomes
G2 - growth, preparation for cell division
What does the S in interphase stand for? - Answers DNA Synthesis.
What does mitosis consist of? What happens at each phase?
Hint: Draw each phase out then explain it. - Answers Prophase - chromosomes condense,
centrosomes separate, spindle forms & nucleolus disappears.
Prometaphase - centrosomes move to opposite poles.
Metaphase - sister chromatids align in the middle of plate.
Anaphase - sister chromatids separate & chromosomes move apart.
Telophase - chromosomes concentrate at the end & nuclear envelopes reform.
, What is cytokinesis? When does it occur? - Answers Division of the cytoplasm during telophase.
What is the difference in cytokinesis between plant and animal cells? - Answers Animal-
Cleavage furrow formation (cell membrane pinches off)
Plant- Cell plate formation (create a new cell wall by dividing previous membrane)
What is density dependent inhibition? - Answers When crowded cells stop dividing.
What is cancer? How does it progress in the body? - Answers Uncontrolled cell division. It
progresses by cells dividing rapidly, may spread through the circulatory system.
What is the difference between mitosis and meiosis? - Answers Mitosis- the process by which
most cells in the body divide.
Meiosis is the process by which gametes are produced.
Memorize the picture.
MiTosis product - Answers Twins.. IDENTICAL daughter nuclei.
What are all the phases of meiosis? - Answers Prophase I, Metaphase I, Anaphase I, Telophase I,
Prophase II, Metaphase II, Anaphase II, Telophase II.
What does each phase do in meiosis I?
Hint: a tetrad is a pair with 4 chromatids - Answers Prophase I - chromosomes coil, become
compact,
Metaphase I - tetrads align at cell equator
Anaphase I - homologous pairs separate, move towards opposite poles of cell.
Telophase I - duplicated cells reach the poles, nuclear envelope reforms around chromosomes.
What does each phase do in meiosis II?
Just know: 4 haploid cells are produced with cytokinesis. - Answers Prophase II - chromosomes
coil, become compact (if uncoiled after telophase I), nuclear envelope breaks up again if it was
reformed.
Metaphase II - duplicated chromosomes align at cell equator.
Anaphase II - sister chromatids separate, chromosomes move towards opposite poles.
Telophase II - chromosomes have reached the poles of the cell, nuclear envelope forms around
each set of chromosomes.
Why is cell division necessary? - Answers Growth, cell replacement, repair, asexual reproduction.
Is reproduction asexual or sexual? What's the difference between the 2 offspring? - Answers
Both.
Asexual - identical to parent
Sexual - unique DNA from each parent
Define: gene - Answers Functional unit of DNA; codes for traits.
Define: locus - Answers Location of a gene on a chromosome.
Define: trait - Answers Specific characteristic of an individual.
Define: homologous chromosome - Answers Two chromosomes that are similar in shape and
size and carry the same genes.
AKA: matching pair of chromosomes.
Define: sister chromatids - Answers Two identical halves of a chromosome.
What is included in the cell cycle? (the big picture, don't break it down yet) - Answers Interphase,
mitosis, cytokinesis.
What does each part of interphase do?
Hint: break down the 3 sections. - Answers G1 - growth, increase in cytoplasm
S - duplication of chromosomes
G2 - growth, preparation for cell division
What does the S in interphase stand for? - Answers DNA Synthesis.
What does mitosis consist of? What happens at each phase?
Hint: Draw each phase out then explain it. - Answers Prophase - chromosomes condense,
centrosomes separate, spindle forms & nucleolus disappears.
Prometaphase - centrosomes move to opposite poles.
Metaphase - sister chromatids align in the middle of plate.
Anaphase - sister chromatids separate & chromosomes move apart.
Telophase - chromosomes concentrate at the end & nuclear envelopes reform.
, What is cytokinesis? When does it occur? - Answers Division of the cytoplasm during telophase.
What is the difference in cytokinesis between plant and animal cells? - Answers Animal-
Cleavage furrow formation (cell membrane pinches off)
Plant- Cell plate formation (create a new cell wall by dividing previous membrane)
What is density dependent inhibition? - Answers When crowded cells stop dividing.
What is cancer? How does it progress in the body? - Answers Uncontrolled cell division. It
progresses by cells dividing rapidly, may spread through the circulatory system.
What is the difference between mitosis and meiosis? - Answers Mitosis- the process by which
most cells in the body divide.
Meiosis is the process by which gametes are produced.
Memorize the picture.
MiTosis product - Answers Twins.. IDENTICAL daughter nuclei.
What are all the phases of meiosis? - Answers Prophase I, Metaphase I, Anaphase I, Telophase I,
Prophase II, Metaphase II, Anaphase II, Telophase II.
What does each phase do in meiosis I?
Hint: a tetrad is a pair with 4 chromatids - Answers Prophase I - chromosomes coil, become
compact,
Metaphase I - tetrads align at cell equator
Anaphase I - homologous pairs separate, move towards opposite poles of cell.
Telophase I - duplicated cells reach the poles, nuclear envelope reforms around chromosomes.
What does each phase do in meiosis II?
Just know: 4 haploid cells are produced with cytokinesis. - Answers Prophase II - chromosomes
coil, become compact (if uncoiled after telophase I), nuclear envelope breaks up again if it was
reformed.
Metaphase II - duplicated chromosomes align at cell equator.
Anaphase II - sister chromatids separate, chromosomes move towards opposite poles.
Telophase II - chromosomes have reached the poles of the cell, nuclear envelope forms around
each set of chromosomes.
