BIOLOGY 1107 Final Exam Questions with Correct Answers Latest Update 2026/2027
Transcription? (initiation,elongation,termination) - Answers combining of RNA using information
in the DNA.
Translation? (initiation,elongation,termination) - Answers combining of a polypeptide using
genetic info in mRNA. Change of "language" from nucleotides to amino acids.
RNA processing? - Answers splicing out introns, joining exons needed to convert a primary
transcript into a mature RNA
General location and role of the TATA box? - Answers DNA, important for transcription.
Which is used as part of the protein building instrustions for eukaryotes? introns or exons? -
Answers exons
Introns? - Answers intervening sequence
Exons? - Answers expressed sequence
Role of RNA polymerase? - Answers responsible for combining mRNA
Where a codon would be found? - Answers on a tRNA molecule is called its anticodon
Role of tRNA? - Answers transfers amino acids to the cytoplasm to ribosome that a protein can
be built.
Role of mRNA? - Answers messenger, instructions travel to cytoplasm where proteins are made.
Role of rRNA? - Answers directs the translation of mRNA into proteins.
2 differences between DNA structure and RNA structure? - Answers DNA is a double helix,
contain sugar deoxyribose (lacks one oxygen) DNA composed of 4 nucleotides
ATCG(adenosine, thymidine, cytosine, guanosine)
RNA is single stranded, contains sugar ribose, contains 4 nucleotide bases AU(U replace T) CG
Uridine
Where would a anticodon be found? - Answers Found on tRNA, important in process of protein
synthesis.
Structure of a ribosome? - Answers
How a ribosome assembles a protein? (look at sequence of events in book) - Answers
Two areas of the cell where the ribosomes do their jobs? - Answers rough ER, liquid inside the
, cell
Role of the start codon (AUG), what category of biological you would find this on? - Answers
(AUG),RNA because of the U. Provide instructions for building a protein w/ correct primary
structure.
Role of several stop codons, category of biological molecule you would find these on? - Answers
(UGA), does not code for an amino acid, stop building of protein
Base sequence of a strand of mRNA, given the DNA base sequence? - Answers
Why is it possible for us to take antibiotics that shut down the activity of prokaryotic ribosomes
without shutting down the protein-making capacity our own cells? - Answers because
antibiotics attack enzyme that ban the bacteria from producing proteins in order for them to
repair themselves. This enzyme is bacteria specific and does not harm our cells.
What is an Enveloped virus and what could infect animals? - Answers covering their production
protein capsids, host cell; makes it harder for your body or animal cell to fight off a virus
Bacteriophage virus and would could it infect? - Answers A virus that infects a BACTERIA, by
injecting its DNA into the bacterial cell
What is a simple virus without and envelope? - Answers naked virion
What does all these viruses have in common? - Answers All viruses infect a cell, all have
capsids(protein shell of virus), and they all have DNA or RNA
Difference in lytic and lysogenic cycles of bacteriophages? - Answers lytic cycle- highest point in
death of the host cell. Each can infect healthy cell. Last stage of infection, can destroy entire
bacterial population in few hours. (kills host cell)
lysogenic cycle- allows copies of the phage genome w/o destroying the host. (do not kills host
cell)
What viruses need in order to reproduce themselves? - Answers infect living cells to act as
"host"
What kind of genetic material you might find in viruses? - Answers A virus is a bit of genetic
material packaged in a protective coat called a capsid it protects delicate nucleic and helps the
virus infect host cells. The genetic material may be DNA or RNA depending on the type of virus.
General process whereby enveloped viruses like HIV enter and leave animal cells? - Answers
enter cell by attachment and fusion(blend) with the cell membrane, leave the cell by budding
Where do enveloped viruses get their envelopes? - Answers host cells; all viruses leave host
Transcription? (initiation,elongation,termination) - Answers combining of RNA using information
in the DNA.
Translation? (initiation,elongation,termination) - Answers combining of a polypeptide using
genetic info in mRNA. Change of "language" from nucleotides to amino acids.
RNA processing? - Answers splicing out introns, joining exons needed to convert a primary
transcript into a mature RNA
General location and role of the TATA box? - Answers DNA, important for transcription.
Which is used as part of the protein building instrustions for eukaryotes? introns or exons? -
Answers exons
Introns? - Answers intervening sequence
Exons? - Answers expressed sequence
Role of RNA polymerase? - Answers responsible for combining mRNA
Where a codon would be found? - Answers on a tRNA molecule is called its anticodon
Role of tRNA? - Answers transfers amino acids to the cytoplasm to ribosome that a protein can
be built.
Role of mRNA? - Answers messenger, instructions travel to cytoplasm where proteins are made.
Role of rRNA? - Answers directs the translation of mRNA into proteins.
2 differences between DNA structure and RNA structure? - Answers DNA is a double helix,
contain sugar deoxyribose (lacks one oxygen) DNA composed of 4 nucleotides
ATCG(adenosine, thymidine, cytosine, guanosine)
RNA is single stranded, contains sugar ribose, contains 4 nucleotide bases AU(U replace T) CG
Uridine
Where would a anticodon be found? - Answers Found on tRNA, important in process of protein
synthesis.
Structure of a ribosome? - Answers
How a ribosome assembles a protein? (look at sequence of events in book) - Answers
Two areas of the cell where the ribosomes do their jobs? - Answers rough ER, liquid inside the
, cell
Role of the start codon (AUG), what category of biological you would find this on? - Answers
(AUG),RNA because of the U. Provide instructions for building a protein w/ correct primary
structure.
Role of several stop codons, category of biological molecule you would find these on? - Answers
(UGA), does not code for an amino acid, stop building of protein
Base sequence of a strand of mRNA, given the DNA base sequence? - Answers
Why is it possible for us to take antibiotics that shut down the activity of prokaryotic ribosomes
without shutting down the protein-making capacity our own cells? - Answers because
antibiotics attack enzyme that ban the bacteria from producing proteins in order for them to
repair themselves. This enzyme is bacteria specific and does not harm our cells.
What is an Enveloped virus and what could infect animals? - Answers covering their production
protein capsids, host cell; makes it harder for your body or animal cell to fight off a virus
Bacteriophage virus and would could it infect? - Answers A virus that infects a BACTERIA, by
injecting its DNA into the bacterial cell
What is a simple virus without and envelope? - Answers naked virion
What does all these viruses have in common? - Answers All viruses infect a cell, all have
capsids(protein shell of virus), and they all have DNA or RNA
Difference in lytic and lysogenic cycles of bacteriophages? - Answers lytic cycle- highest point in
death of the host cell. Each can infect healthy cell. Last stage of infection, can destroy entire
bacterial population in few hours. (kills host cell)
lysogenic cycle- allows copies of the phage genome w/o destroying the host. (do not kills host
cell)
What viruses need in order to reproduce themselves? - Answers infect living cells to act as
"host"
What kind of genetic material you might find in viruses? - Answers A virus is a bit of genetic
material packaged in a protective coat called a capsid it protects delicate nucleic and helps the
virus infect host cells. The genetic material may be DNA or RNA depending on the type of virus.
General process whereby enveloped viruses like HIV enter and leave animal cells? - Answers
enter cell by attachment and fusion(blend) with the cell membrane, leave the cell by budding
Where do enveloped viruses get their envelopes? - Answers host cells; all viruses leave host
