Pharmacology ATI – Proctored Exam
Prep 2024–2025: NGN Format Mastery
A nurse is providing teaching with a client, who has schizophrenia, about strategies to minimize the
anticholinergic effects of fluphenazine. Which of the following instructions should the nurse suggest
for the client?
Chew sugarless gum to moisten the mouth.
When taking action, the nurse should instruct the client who is taking fluphenazine and is experiencing
anticholinergic effects to chew sugarless gum. This instruction would provide moisture to the client's
mouth and decrease the severity of dry mouth which is an anticholinergic adverse effect.
Gentamicin
Gentamicin is a narrow-spectrum aminoglycoside antibiotic prescribed to treat serious infections caused
by aerobic bacilli
Complications of Gentamicin
Gentamicin can injure cells of the proximal renal tubules.
Naproxen and other NSAIDs can cause renal insufficiency.
The glomerular filtration rate of the kidneys decreases with advanced age, making this client at
increased risk for nephrotoxicity.
What lab values should a nurse monitor for a patient taking Gentamicin?
BUN
Blood creatinine
Peak and trough levels of gentamicin
Specific gravity of urine
Urinalysis
BUN
blood urea nitrogen
Nursing actions for a client taking gentamicin
Monitor intake and output.
Notify the provider of low urinary output.
Ensure that the client is adequately hydrated and monitor for fluid overload.
Assess for manifestations of ototoxicity.
,A nurse is preparing a client's medications. The nurse is responsible for gaining and maintaining
knowledge about which of the following medication information?
Adverse Effects
Mechanism of Action
Contraindications
Use knowledge of the therapeutic effect and common adverse effects of medications to compare
expected outcomes with actual findings
total parenteral nutrition (TPN)
nutrient-complete solution given directly into bloodstream when person cannot eat by mouth
A nurse is preparing to complete an incident report for a medication error. What information (4
things) should the nurse include in the report?
Time of the incident
who was notified of the incident
actions taken following the incident
client identification
Adverse effects of oxybutynin
Anticholinergic effects
(dry mouth, eyes,)
blurred vision
Hypotension
peripheral edema
QT interval prolongation
adverse effects of fentanyl patches
Respiratory Depression
Hypotension
Constipation
Nausea or Vomiting
Clients who use fentanyl patches will likely need to take what on a daily basis?
Take a stool softener on a daily basis. Constipation is an adverse effect of opioid use and stool softeners
can decrease the severity
Adverse effects of haloperidol
extrapyrimidal symptoms
extrapyramidal symptoms
involuntary fine motor tremors, rigidity, uncontrollable retlessness, dystonia, pseudoparkinsonism, and
akathisia
, When using dopamine to treat heart failure, what are signs to watch indicating the medication is
effective
Dopamine is an adrenergic that causes a receptor specificity effect, which increases cardiac output and
improves perfusion. You might notice increased urine output as well
Adverse effects of Hydrochlorothiazide
Dizziness, vertigo, orthostatic hypotension, nausea, anorexia, vomiting, dry mouth, diarrhea, polyuria,
nocturia, muscle cramps, or spasms. (think: LOWERS BP)
A nurse is preparing to administer hydrochlorothiazide to a client actions should the nurse take prior
to administering this medication
HCTZ is a thiazide diuretic administered to promote urine output and reduce blood pressure and edema.
The nurse should obtain the client's blood pressure prior to administration of the medication.
What is sucralfate?
Forms protective coat over ulcers, causes constipation
is Zolpidem designed for long or short term use?
short term
Zolpidem adverse effects
Drowsiness, headache, dizziness, complex sleep-related behavior, amnesia
What is Zolpidem primarily used to treat
insomnia
Opioid Use Disorder (OUD)
Clinical name for Opioid addiction
What drug is administered as a treatment for opioid use disorder
administer methadone for treatment of opioid use disorder. Methadone can be administered for
withdrawal and to assist with maintenance and suppressive therapy.
Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome
Adverse reaction to antipsychotics with severe "lead pipe" rigidty, FEVER, and mental status changes
What is ciprofloxacin?
Also known as Cipro, this is an antibacterial drug used to treat a wide spectrum of bacterial diseases,
including anthrax and UTI.
contraindications of ciprofloxacin
hypersensitivity to ciprofloxacin or any quinolone, concurrent therapy with tizanidine
Prep 2024–2025: NGN Format Mastery
A nurse is providing teaching with a client, who has schizophrenia, about strategies to minimize the
anticholinergic effects of fluphenazine. Which of the following instructions should the nurse suggest
for the client?
Chew sugarless gum to moisten the mouth.
When taking action, the nurse should instruct the client who is taking fluphenazine and is experiencing
anticholinergic effects to chew sugarless gum. This instruction would provide moisture to the client's
mouth and decrease the severity of dry mouth which is an anticholinergic adverse effect.
Gentamicin
Gentamicin is a narrow-spectrum aminoglycoside antibiotic prescribed to treat serious infections caused
by aerobic bacilli
Complications of Gentamicin
Gentamicin can injure cells of the proximal renal tubules.
Naproxen and other NSAIDs can cause renal insufficiency.
The glomerular filtration rate of the kidneys decreases with advanced age, making this client at
increased risk for nephrotoxicity.
What lab values should a nurse monitor for a patient taking Gentamicin?
BUN
Blood creatinine
Peak and trough levels of gentamicin
Specific gravity of urine
Urinalysis
BUN
blood urea nitrogen
Nursing actions for a client taking gentamicin
Monitor intake and output.
Notify the provider of low urinary output.
Ensure that the client is adequately hydrated and monitor for fluid overload.
Assess for manifestations of ototoxicity.
,A nurse is preparing a client's medications. The nurse is responsible for gaining and maintaining
knowledge about which of the following medication information?
Adverse Effects
Mechanism of Action
Contraindications
Use knowledge of the therapeutic effect and common adverse effects of medications to compare
expected outcomes with actual findings
total parenteral nutrition (TPN)
nutrient-complete solution given directly into bloodstream when person cannot eat by mouth
A nurse is preparing to complete an incident report for a medication error. What information (4
things) should the nurse include in the report?
Time of the incident
who was notified of the incident
actions taken following the incident
client identification
Adverse effects of oxybutynin
Anticholinergic effects
(dry mouth, eyes,)
blurred vision
Hypotension
peripheral edema
QT interval prolongation
adverse effects of fentanyl patches
Respiratory Depression
Hypotension
Constipation
Nausea or Vomiting
Clients who use fentanyl patches will likely need to take what on a daily basis?
Take a stool softener on a daily basis. Constipation is an adverse effect of opioid use and stool softeners
can decrease the severity
Adverse effects of haloperidol
extrapyrimidal symptoms
extrapyramidal symptoms
involuntary fine motor tremors, rigidity, uncontrollable retlessness, dystonia, pseudoparkinsonism, and
akathisia
, When using dopamine to treat heart failure, what are signs to watch indicating the medication is
effective
Dopamine is an adrenergic that causes a receptor specificity effect, which increases cardiac output and
improves perfusion. You might notice increased urine output as well
Adverse effects of Hydrochlorothiazide
Dizziness, vertigo, orthostatic hypotension, nausea, anorexia, vomiting, dry mouth, diarrhea, polyuria,
nocturia, muscle cramps, or spasms. (think: LOWERS BP)
A nurse is preparing to administer hydrochlorothiazide to a client actions should the nurse take prior
to administering this medication
HCTZ is a thiazide diuretic administered to promote urine output and reduce blood pressure and edema.
The nurse should obtain the client's blood pressure prior to administration of the medication.
What is sucralfate?
Forms protective coat over ulcers, causes constipation
is Zolpidem designed for long or short term use?
short term
Zolpidem adverse effects
Drowsiness, headache, dizziness, complex sleep-related behavior, amnesia
What is Zolpidem primarily used to treat
insomnia
Opioid Use Disorder (OUD)
Clinical name for Opioid addiction
What drug is administered as a treatment for opioid use disorder
administer methadone for treatment of opioid use disorder. Methadone can be administered for
withdrawal and to assist with maintenance and suppressive therapy.
Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome
Adverse reaction to antipsychotics with severe "lead pipe" rigidty, FEVER, and mental status changes
What is ciprofloxacin?
Also known as Cipro, this is an antibacterial drug used to treat a wide spectrum of bacterial diseases,
including anthrax and UTI.
contraindications of ciprofloxacin
hypersensitivity to ciprofloxacin or any quinolone, concurrent therapy with tizanidine
