Class 12 Biology (NCERT) Reproduction in
Organisms
For Bihar Board Students
Chapter Overview
Reproduction is a biological process by which organisms produce new individuals of their own kind.
It ensures continuity of life and transfer of genetic material from one generation to the next.
Types of Reproduction
1 Asexual Reproduction: Involves a single parent and no formation of gametes.
2 Sexual Reproduction: Involves two parents with formation and fusion of gametes.
Asexual Reproduction – Important Methods
1 Binary Fission – Amoeba, Paramecium
2 Multiple Fission – Plasmodium
3 Budding – Hydra, Yeast
4 Fragmentation – Spirogyra
5 Vegetative Propagation – Potato, Bryophyllum
Sexual Reproduction – Key Points
1 Formation of male and female gametes
2 Fusion of gametes called fertilization
3 Development of zygote into a new organism
4 Leads to genetic variation
Reproductive Phases
1 Juvenile Phase – Period of growth before reproduction
2 Reproductive Phase – Active reproduction
3 Senescent Phase – Aging and decline of reproductive capacity
Objective Questions (MCQs)
1 1. Which type of reproduction does not involve gamete formation? (Asexual)
2 2. Budding occurs in: (Hydra)
3 3. Sexual reproduction results in: (Variation)
4 4. Fragmentation is seen in: (Spirogyra)
5 5. Multiple fission is common in: (Plasmodium)
Subjective Questions (Short & Long Answer)
1 1. Define reproduction and mention its significance.
Organisms
For Bihar Board Students
Chapter Overview
Reproduction is a biological process by which organisms produce new individuals of their own kind.
It ensures continuity of life and transfer of genetic material from one generation to the next.
Types of Reproduction
1 Asexual Reproduction: Involves a single parent and no formation of gametes.
2 Sexual Reproduction: Involves two parents with formation and fusion of gametes.
Asexual Reproduction – Important Methods
1 Binary Fission – Amoeba, Paramecium
2 Multiple Fission – Plasmodium
3 Budding – Hydra, Yeast
4 Fragmentation – Spirogyra
5 Vegetative Propagation – Potato, Bryophyllum
Sexual Reproduction – Key Points
1 Formation of male and female gametes
2 Fusion of gametes called fertilization
3 Development of zygote into a new organism
4 Leads to genetic variation
Reproductive Phases
1 Juvenile Phase – Period of growth before reproduction
2 Reproductive Phase – Active reproduction
3 Senescent Phase – Aging and decline of reproductive capacity
Objective Questions (MCQs)
1 1. Which type of reproduction does not involve gamete formation? (Asexual)
2 2. Budding occurs in: (Hydra)
3 3. Sexual reproduction results in: (Variation)
4 4. Fragmentation is seen in: (Spirogyra)
5 5. Multiple fission is common in: (Plasmodium)
Subjective Questions (Short & Long Answer)
1 1. Define reproduction and mention its significance.
