DUNPHY PRIMARY CARE FINAL PAPER 2026
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
◉ Sebaceous glands. Answer: produce sebum to lubricate skin &
hair. Hair slows water loss through the skin
◉ Fingernails develop at _____ weeks. Answer: 10
◉ Toe nails develop at ______. Answer: 14 weeks
◉ Nails reach fingertips at. Answer: 32 weeks gestation
◉ nails reach toe tips by. Answer: 36 weeks
◉ Nails are _____ shaped and thin from infancy to 2-3 years of age.
Answer: spoon
◉ Lunula-. Answer: half moon area above the posterior nail fold
◉ Nail matrix. Answer: extends beneath the cuticle & lunula, new
keratinized cells form here
,◉ Nail plate. Answer: visible part of nail, consists of clear keratin
◉ Changes in shape, texture, length of nail may indicate. Answer:
systemic illness
◉ Skin functions. Answer: Barrier - covers the entire surface of the
body
First line of defense from chemical, physical, & micro-organic injury
Communication tool (blanching & blushing);
Production of vitamin D
Adsorption and secretion
Prevent excessive water evaporation
Lubrication
The skin is continually shedding, controlling growth and
colonization of microorganisms
◉ Melanocytes account for skin & hair tones by what week?.
Answer: 7th
◉ Melanin in the skin reaches adult levels by how old?. Answer: 1
year of age
,◉ what does melanin do?. Answer: protects DNA from damage by
UV light radiation
◉ In general, localized rashes usually have. Answer: external cause
◉ In general systemic rashes have. Answer: internal cause
◉ Clinical Pearls: Newborn Skin. Answer: Many skin changes over
the 1st month
They are always worrisome to new parents
Most changes are benign & self-limiting
Become familiar with common skin lesions & counsel parents
appropriately
Clinical recommendation
Infants who appear sick & have a vesicularpustular rash should be
cultured for Candida, viral & bacterial infections, CBCD, ESR, CRP
S & S of infectious process: fever, poor feeding, irritability
◉ S & S of infectious process:. Answer: fever, poor feeding,
irritability
◉ Infants who appear sick and have a vescular-pustular rash should
be cultured for. Answer: Candida, viral & bacterial infections, CBCD,
ESR, CRP
, S & S of infectious process: fever, poor feeding, irritability
◉ Erythema toxicum. Answer: Erythematous, 2-3 mm macules and
papules that evolve into pustules;
Each pustule surrounded by a blotchy area of eythema...describe as a
"flea-bitten" appearance
◉ When does erythema toxicum neonatorum occur?. Answer:
Appears in 40-70% newborns w/i 24-48 hours after birth; rare after
4-5 days
◉ Neonatal acne. Answer: Open & closed comedones, erythematous
papules & pustules
Infant presentation birth 6 weeks
Primarily location is forehead, chin, cheeks
Sebaceous gland hyperplasia in response to maternal androgens
High incidence with 20% newborns
males > females
No treatment required; gentle cleansing with mild soap or skin care
product
Spontaneous resolution in 6 months to 1 year
Parent support and education
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
◉ Sebaceous glands. Answer: produce sebum to lubricate skin &
hair. Hair slows water loss through the skin
◉ Fingernails develop at _____ weeks. Answer: 10
◉ Toe nails develop at ______. Answer: 14 weeks
◉ Nails reach fingertips at. Answer: 32 weeks gestation
◉ nails reach toe tips by. Answer: 36 weeks
◉ Nails are _____ shaped and thin from infancy to 2-3 years of age.
Answer: spoon
◉ Lunula-. Answer: half moon area above the posterior nail fold
◉ Nail matrix. Answer: extends beneath the cuticle & lunula, new
keratinized cells form here
,◉ Nail plate. Answer: visible part of nail, consists of clear keratin
◉ Changes in shape, texture, length of nail may indicate. Answer:
systemic illness
◉ Skin functions. Answer: Barrier - covers the entire surface of the
body
First line of defense from chemical, physical, & micro-organic injury
Communication tool (blanching & blushing);
Production of vitamin D
Adsorption and secretion
Prevent excessive water evaporation
Lubrication
The skin is continually shedding, controlling growth and
colonization of microorganisms
◉ Melanocytes account for skin & hair tones by what week?.
Answer: 7th
◉ Melanin in the skin reaches adult levels by how old?. Answer: 1
year of age
,◉ what does melanin do?. Answer: protects DNA from damage by
UV light radiation
◉ In general, localized rashes usually have. Answer: external cause
◉ In general systemic rashes have. Answer: internal cause
◉ Clinical Pearls: Newborn Skin. Answer: Many skin changes over
the 1st month
They are always worrisome to new parents
Most changes are benign & self-limiting
Become familiar with common skin lesions & counsel parents
appropriately
Clinical recommendation
Infants who appear sick & have a vesicularpustular rash should be
cultured for Candida, viral & bacterial infections, CBCD, ESR, CRP
S & S of infectious process: fever, poor feeding, irritability
◉ S & S of infectious process:. Answer: fever, poor feeding,
irritability
◉ Infants who appear sick and have a vescular-pustular rash should
be cultured for. Answer: Candida, viral & bacterial infections, CBCD,
ESR, CRP
, S & S of infectious process: fever, poor feeding, irritability
◉ Erythema toxicum. Answer: Erythematous, 2-3 mm macules and
papules that evolve into pustules;
Each pustule surrounded by a blotchy area of eythema...describe as a
"flea-bitten" appearance
◉ When does erythema toxicum neonatorum occur?. Answer:
Appears in 40-70% newborns w/i 24-48 hours after birth; rare after
4-5 days
◉ Neonatal acne. Answer: Open & closed comedones, erythematous
papules & pustules
Infant presentation birth 6 weeks
Primarily location is forehead, chin, cheeks
Sebaceous gland hyperplasia in response to maternal androgens
High incidence with 20% newborns
males > females
No treatment required; gentle cleansing with mild soap or skin care
product
Spontaneous resolution in 6 months to 1 year
Parent support and education
