Wjec Criminology unit 4 Exam Questions With
Verified Answers
Ac1.1: processes of law making 4 MARKS - Answer Note: judicial and parliamentary
1) Describe a parliamentary (government) law making - Answer A law is made through
parliament
- a bill is proposed by a mp, green paper is used
-first reading proposal of bill is announced to both the house of commons and House of
Lords
- Second reading, the main debate of bill a unanimous vote is made for/against the bill
- comittee stage selected group of mps alter and amend the bill.
- Ping-pong stage, the new amended bill is announced to HC&HL amendments of the bill
may be added and amended
-third reading, and final vote the HC and HL Must agree if it becomes a law
- Finally royal asssent the moarch signs the bill as a formal approval of the bill, then
becomes a statute, white paper
1.2) Describe judicial (judges) involvement in law making - Answer - Judicial precedents-
based on case law the judges will apply the same outcome from a established precedent
to similar cases example; Donoghue V Stevenson
- statutory interpretation- judges interpret and apply the law to declare the meaning of the
law;
literal rule- judges apply the law word for word
Golden - there are various meanings to a word the judge must apply the appropriate one
Mischief- judge must fill the gaps and errors in a law
1.3 Assess the advantages of judicial statutory interpretation 4 MARKS - Answer Pro-
effective due to its -predictability and clarity- as judges use case law legal representatives
are able to know the likely outcome of the case based on case law and prepare the case
effectively for trial.
,Pro- effective due to its fairness- Application of case law provides fair and equal
treatment in the justice system as same sentencing is used for similar cases.
Con-limitation due to rigidity- if a establish president is unjust and the same outcome will
be applied and similar cases unfair.
Con-limitation- difficulty in distinguishing outcomes of a case as judges may statutory
interpret the case different from the law.
Ac 1.2: Describe the relationships between agencies (7 MARKS) - Answer NOTE: link at
least 3/4 different agencies to the specific one mentioned in the Q
1.1) Describe the relationship of the police service with other agencies in the criminal
justice system - Answer - Police and courts work with the courts to ensure criminals are
in custody by enforcing the law. Using PACE codes
- Police and cps advise the police on what evidence they need to gain a conviction.
-when arresting and detaining a offender the police will ask the cps to charge the offender
based on the evidence the police provide. the cps will asses and review the case and
determine if it should go to trial.
- police and Hm prison service during trial the police will help assist the Hm prison
service with safely taking the defendant to trial. And may be advised to stand as expert
witness depending on the case.
- police and probation if the court issue a probation sentence and the defendant fails to
meet the guidelines of there community order then the police will be advised by the
probation officer to arrest the suspect and take them to custody to await there next trial.
1.2) Describe the relationship of the Crown prosecution service with other agencies in the
criminal justice system - Answer - Cps and police while independent work closely with
the police service providing advice to the police about what evidence needs to be
collected in order to maintain a conviction.
- when arresting a suspect the police ask cps if they can charge the offender based on
the evidence the police provide. the cps will asses and review the case and determine if it
should go to trial using a full codes test (evidential and Interest of the public)
- cps and courts if the Cps deem the case worthy of going to court they then will prepare
the case and advocate as prosecution during trial they may ask expert witnesses
including probation,parole, Hm prison service etc if applicable to the case to stand on
trial to help influence the courts sentencing.
, 1.3) Describe the relationship of the Courts and tribunals with other agencies in the
criminal justice system - Answer - courts and police make an arrest, PACE codes based
on evidence. Depending on the offence they will e trialled either at magistrates or crown
court.
-Courts and cps will prosecute a case depending on the evidence provided reviewing and
assess the case using a full codes test (evidential and is it in the interest of protecting the
public test) The cps then prepare the case for the court where they advocate as
prosecution for the victim in trial.
- courts and HM prison service prison officers liaise the offender to court with the help of
the police to ensure safe arrival to trial. Arrangments for a video link will also be set up by
the prison if the defendant is unable to attend court. If the judge sentences the defendant
to prison then the Hm prison service will monitor the defendant for the remainder of their
sentence.
- Court and prohibition If the court issue a community sentence of probation or parole
then they will liaise with the defendant. The judge will oversee the work of all agencies.
1.4) Describe the relationship of HM prison service with other agencies in the criminal
justice system - Answer - police and the courts relationship the police enforce the law by
making a formal arrest based on the offence they will be trialled at a specific court
magistrates or crown court.
- Cps and the courts relationship the Cps prosecute cases based on the evidence in the
case they will prosecute and potentially prepare the case for trial when they will advocate
as prosecution during trial
- Hm prison service and the courts the prison service liaise the defendant to court for
sentencing with the help of the police to ensure safe arrival. Arrangements of a video link
will be made by the courts if the offender cannot attend trial hearing with the help of the
prison service to set up the link.
- probation and the courts relationship the judge will provide the sentence of of probation
Verified Answers
Ac1.1: processes of law making 4 MARKS - Answer Note: judicial and parliamentary
1) Describe a parliamentary (government) law making - Answer A law is made through
parliament
- a bill is proposed by a mp, green paper is used
-first reading proposal of bill is announced to both the house of commons and House of
Lords
- Second reading, the main debate of bill a unanimous vote is made for/against the bill
- comittee stage selected group of mps alter and amend the bill.
- Ping-pong stage, the new amended bill is announced to HC&HL amendments of the bill
may be added and amended
-third reading, and final vote the HC and HL Must agree if it becomes a law
- Finally royal asssent the moarch signs the bill as a formal approval of the bill, then
becomes a statute, white paper
1.2) Describe judicial (judges) involvement in law making - Answer - Judicial precedents-
based on case law the judges will apply the same outcome from a established precedent
to similar cases example; Donoghue V Stevenson
- statutory interpretation- judges interpret and apply the law to declare the meaning of the
law;
literal rule- judges apply the law word for word
Golden - there are various meanings to a word the judge must apply the appropriate one
Mischief- judge must fill the gaps and errors in a law
1.3 Assess the advantages of judicial statutory interpretation 4 MARKS - Answer Pro-
effective due to its -predictability and clarity- as judges use case law legal representatives
are able to know the likely outcome of the case based on case law and prepare the case
effectively for trial.
,Pro- effective due to its fairness- Application of case law provides fair and equal
treatment in the justice system as same sentencing is used for similar cases.
Con-limitation due to rigidity- if a establish president is unjust and the same outcome will
be applied and similar cases unfair.
Con-limitation- difficulty in distinguishing outcomes of a case as judges may statutory
interpret the case different from the law.
Ac 1.2: Describe the relationships between agencies (7 MARKS) - Answer NOTE: link at
least 3/4 different agencies to the specific one mentioned in the Q
1.1) Describe the relationship of the police service with other agencies in the criminal
justice system - Answer - Police and courts work with the courts to ensure criminals are
in custody by enforcing the law. Using PACE codes
- Police and cps advise the police on what evidence they need to gain a conviction.
-when arresting and detaining a offender the police will ask the cps to charge the offender
based on the evidence the police provide. the cps will asses and review the case and
determine if it should go to trial.
- police and Hm prison service during trial the police will help assist the Hm prison
service with safely taking the defendant to trial. And may be advised to stand as expert
witness depending on the case.
- police and probation if the court issue a probation sentence and the defendant fails to
meet the guidelines of there community order then the police will be advised by the
probation officer to arrest the suspect and take them to custody to await there next trial.
1.2) Describe the relationship of the Crown prosecution service with other agencies in the
criminal justice system - Answer - Cps and police while independent work closely with
the police service providing advice to the police about what evidence needs to be
collected in order to maintain a conviction.
- when arresting a suspect the police ask cps if they can charge the offender based on
the evidence the police provide. the cps will asses and review the case and determine if it
should go to trial using a full codes test (evidential and Interest of the public)
- cps and courts if the Cps deem the case worthy of going to court they then will prepare
the case and advocate as prosecution during trial they may ask expert witnesses
including probation,parole, Hm prison service etc if applicable to the case to stand on
trial to help influence the courts sentencing.
, 1.3) Describe the relationship of the Courts and tribunals with other agencies in the
criminal justice system - Answer - courts and police make an arrest, PACE codes based
on evidence. Depending on the offence they will e trialled either at magistrates or crown
court.
-Courts and cps will prosecute a case depending on the evidence provided reviewing and
assess the case using a full codes test (evidential and is it in the interest of protecting the
public test) The cps then prepare the case for the court where they advocate as
prosecution for the victim in trial.
- courts and HM prison service prison officers liaise the offender to court with the help of
the police to ensure safe arrival to trial. Arrangments for a video link will also be set up by
the prison if the defendant is unable to attend court. If the judge sentences the defendant
to prison then the Hm prison service will monitor the defendant for the remainder of their
sentence.
- Court and prohibition If the court issue a community sentence of probation or parole
then they will liaise with the defendant. The judge will oversee the work of all agencies.
1.4) Describe the relationship of HM prison service with other agencies in the criminal
justice system - Answer - police and the courts relationship the police enforce the law by
making a formal arrest based on the offence they will be trialled at a specific court
magistrates or crown court.
- Cps and the courts relationship the Cps prosecute cases based on the evidence in the
case they will prosecute and potentially prepare the case for trial when they will advocate
as prosecution during trial
- Hm prison service and the courts the prison service liaise the defendant to court for
sentencing with the help of the police to ensure safe arrival. Arrangements of a video link
will be made by the courts if the offender cannot attend trial hearing with the help of the
prison service to set up the link.
- probation and the courts relationship the judge will provide the sentence of of probation
