According (WHO)
REPRODuCTIVE HEALTH '
--
Research supported by governmental & non-governmental Intra Uterine Devices (IUDs)
t most accepted contraception in India for
Saheli.-> oral contraceptive (females)
↓ physical
females
↓
E
By
reproductive health. -> total well-being -
emotional delay pregnancy,
behavioural Central Drug Research Institute (CDRI) Lucknow
Uterus
space children
social
4.1 Reproductive Health - Problems and
->
inserted by doct!s !
Reproductive Health - Problems & Strategies Better awareness
"pert nurses
Strategies
post-natal care
↓ Better-
detection & cure of STDs
=
decreased maternal & infant
as social goal.
plans & programmes
4.2 Population Explosion and Birth Control
mortality rates
India -> -
Intra Uterine Devices as non-medicated IUDs
small families
1st country ↓ medically assisted deliveries (e.g., Lippes loop),
4.3 Medical Termination of Pregnancy
copper releasing IUDs (CuT, Cu7, Multiload 375)
family planning " LNG-20)
hormone releasing IUDs (Progestasert,
(1951)
Population Stabilisation & Birth Control
RCH programmes 4.4 Sexually Transmit ted Diseases World population India population
awareness 7
facilities
reproductively
healthy society
4.5 Infertility 2 billion in 1900
6 billion in 2000
350 million at (independence)
billion mark in 2000
7.2 billion in 2011.
support 1.2 billion in May 2011
-
probable reasons
death rate
suppress sperm motility
So
->
misconceptions x rapid decline
F maternal mortality rate (MMR)
Figure 4.2 Copper T (CuT) - & fertilising capacity
sex education in schools infant mortality rate (IMR)
- myths x Increase reproducible age people
↑ IUDs increase sperms phagocytosis in uterus
Awareness
IUDs, + hormones = uterus unsuitable for implantation
ideal contraceptive cervix hostile for sperms.
#
$
#
user-friendly
Oral contraceptives
/ By
7 easily available
effective
reversible
Parents audio-visual no or least side-effects. Oral administration
Implementation action plans No disturb sexual drive Tablets (pills ) 7 females
close relatives print-media governmental medical assistance & care (progestogens or progestogen-estrogen combinations
↓ For * 7
teachers non-governmental agencies pregnancy
requires Essential Take
friends delivery 21 days
-
I infrastructural facilities
professional expertise
- STDs
abortions
contraceptive methods. 7 days gap( menstruation )
*11+1
material support -> inhibit ovulation + implantation + alter cervical mucus quality =
contraception
Proper information
prevent/retard sperms entry
Natural/Traditional,
menstrual problems, Barrier Surgical methods.
infertility, etc. IUDs
-
V.effective + lesser side effects + accepted by females.
Injectables
Implants Oral contraceptives ->
Saheli new (non-steroidal)
reproductive organs 'once a week' pill + few side effects =
adolescence better techniques & new strategies high contraceptive value % #
related changes,
safe & hygienic sexual practices !
time to time - efficient care &assistance
Natural methods
Avoiding ovum & sperms meeting naturally
injections or implants contraceptive
sexually transmitted diseases (STD), AIDS, etc
Amniocentesis Statutory ban
injections females
7
Periodic
or implants
Withdrawal or Lactational (progestogens or progestogen + estrogen combinations
fetal sex determination test
↓ Bcz
abstinence coitus interrupts
amenorrhea ↳ + IUDs within 72 hr of coitus = emergency contraceptives
female feticides menace
Educating people
massive child immunisation (absence of menstruation)
-> fertile couples &marriageable group No coitus from male withdraws penis -> mode of action > similar to pills
day 10 to 17 from vagina intense lactation ↓
↓ birth control options
menstrual cycle
Max 6 months
But effective periods much longer
Also test down syndrome
breast feeding No ovulation = mother breast-feeds child =
Avoid ejaculation =
genetic disorder - >
haemoplilia
equal male &female child no fertilisation avoid insemination No conception
sickle-cell anemia,
care
Ichild no medicines or devices. = side effects nil.
pregnant post-natal
Figure 4.3 Implants
mothers
Chances of failure,-> also high.d
Surgical methods & sterilisation
No Awareness uncontrolled population Barrier methods X
conception
E
Both males Terminal method -
No education Avoiding ovum & sperms meeting with barriers I females blocks gamete transport highly effective but
reversibility is very poor
social evils. sex-abuse
Condoms
Prevent E
Diaphragms, cervical caps ,vaults
sex-related crimes,
3
thin rubber/latex sheath
↓
reusable rubber
penis
So inserted into female
cover B4 coitus E vagina
cervix
cover cervix during coitus.
conscious healthy society No ejaculated semen = no no sperms entry = no conception
conception.
'Nirodh' popular male condom
Female
Also protecting STDs & AIDS condom female tubectomy
Both male &female condoms male vasectomy
A small incision in abdomen
self-inserted disposable through small incision on scrotum
Spermicidal creams, jellies foams + Or
barriers = increase contraceptive through vagina
efficiency
Male condom
REPRODuCTIVE HEALTH '
--
Research supported by governmental & non-governmental Intra Uterine Devices (IUDs)
t most accepted contraception in India for
Saheli.-> oral contraceptive (females)
↓ physical
females
↓
E
By
reproductive health. -> total well-being -
emotional delay pregnancy,
behavioural Central Drug Research Institute (CDRI) Lucknow
Uterus
space children
social
4.1 Reproductive Health - Problems and
->
inserted by doct!s !
Reproductive Health - Problems & Strategies Better awareness
"pert nurses
Strategies
post-natal care
↓ Better-
detection & cure of STDs
=
decreased maternal & infant
as social goal.
plans & programmes
4.2 Population Explosion and Birth Control
mortality rates
India -> -
Intra Uterine Devices as non-medicated IUDs
small families
1st country ↓ medically assisted deliveries (e.g., Lippes loop),
4.3 Medical Termination of Pregnancy
copper releasing IUDs (CuT, Cu7, Multiload 375)
family planning " LNG-20)
hormone releasing IUDs (Progestasert,
(1951)
Population Stabilisation & Birth Control
RCH programmes 4.4 Sexually Transmit ted Diseases World population India population
awareness 7
facilities
reproductively
healthy society
4.5 Infertility 2 billion in 1900
6 billion in 2000
350 million at (independence)
billion mark in 2000
7.2 billion in 2011.
support 1.2 billion in May 2011
-
probable reasons
death rate
suppress sperm motility
So
->
misconceptions x rapid decline
F maternal mortality rate (MMR)
Figure 4.2 Copper T (CuT) - & fertilising capacity
sex education in schools infant mortality rate (IMR)
- myths x Increase reproducible age people
↑ IUDs increase sperms phagocytosis in uterus
Awareness
IUDs, + hormones = uterus unsuitable for implantation
ideal contraceptive cervix hostile for sperms.
#
$
#
user-friendly
Oral contraceptives
/ By
7 easily available
effective
reversible
Parents audio-visual no or least side-effects. Oral administration
Implementation action plans No disturb sexual drive Tablets (pills ) 7 females
close relatives print-media governmental medical assistance & care (progestogens or progestogen-estrogen combinations
↓ For * 7
teachers non-governmental agencies pregnancy
requires Essential Take
friends delivery 21 days
-
I infrastructural facilities
professional expertise
- STDs
abortions
contraceptive methods. 7 days gap( menstruation )
*11+1
material support -> inhibit ovulation + implantation + alter cervical mucus quality =
contraception
Proper information
prevent/retard sperms entry
Natural/Traditional,
menstrual problems, Barrier Surgical methods.
infertility, etc. IUDs
-
V.effective + lesser side effects + accepted by females.
Injectables
Implants Oral contraceptives ->
Saheli new (non-steroidal)
reproductive organs 'once a week' pill + few side effects =
adolescence better techniques & new strategies high contraceptive value % #
related changes,
safe & hygienic sexual practices !
time to time - efficient care &assistance
Natural methods
Avoiding ovum & sperms meeting naturally
injections or implants contraceptive
sexually transmitted diseases (STD), AIDS, etc
Amniocentesis Statutory ban
injections females
7
Periodic
or implants
Withdrawal or Lactational (progestogens or progestogen + estrogen combinations
fetal sex determination test
↓ Bcz
abstinence coitus interrupts
amenorrhea ↳ + IUDs within 72 hr of coitus = emergency contraceptives
female feticides menace
Educating people
massive child immunisation (absence of menstruation)
-> fertile couples &marriageable group No coitus from male withdraws penis -> mode of action > similar to pills
day 10 to 17 from vagina intense lactation ↓
↓ birth control options
menstrual cycle
Max 6 months
But effective periods much longer
Also test down syndrome
breast feeding No ovulation = mother breast-feeds child =
Avoid ejaculation =
genetic disorder - >
haemoplilia
equal male &female child no fertilisation avoid insemination No conception
sickle-cell anemia,
care
Ichild no medicines or devices. = side effects nil.
pregnant post-natal
Figure 4.3 Implants
mothers
Chances of failure,-> also high.d
Surgical methods & sterilisation
No Awareness uncontrolled population Barrier methods X
conception
E
Both males Terminal method -
No education Avoiding ovum & sperms meeting with barriers I females blocks gamete transport highly effective but
reversibility is very poor
social evils. sex-abuse
Condoms
Prevent E
Diaphragms, cervical caps ,vaults
sex-related crimes,
3
thin rubber/latex sheath
↓
reusable rubber
penis
So inserted into female
cover B4 coitus E vagina
cervix
cover cervix during coitus.
conscious healthy society No ejaculated semen = no no sperms entry = no conception
conception.
'Nirodh' popular male condom
Female
Also protecting STDs & AIDS condom female tubectomy
Both male &female condoms male vasectomy
A small incision in abdomen
self-inserted disposable through small incision on scrotum
Spermicidal creams, jellies foams + Or
barriers = increase contraceptive through vagina
efficiency
Male condom
