1
HOSA
HOSA BEHAVIORAL HEALTH EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
UPDATED (2025/2026) (VERIFIED
ANSWERS)
Schizophrenia - ANS ✓a disorder characterized by the profound disruption of basic
psychological processes; a distorted perception of reality; altered or blunted
emotion; and disturbances in thought, motivation, and behavior
Schizophrenia treatments - ANS ✓Treatments for schizophrenia include:
-Support group
-Rehabilitation
-Cognitive therapy
-Psychoeducation
-Family therapy
-Behavior therapy
-Group psychotherapy
-Medication (Antipsychotic and Anti-tremor)
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) - ANS ✓an anxiety disorder characterized by
unwanted repetitive thoughts (obsession) and/ or actions (compulsions)
OCD Treatments - ANS ✓Treatments for OCD:
-Support group
-Cognitive behavioral therapy
-Aversion therapy
-Psychoeducation
-Rational emotive behavior therapy
-Exposure and response prevention
-Psychotherapy
-Systematic desensitization
HOSA BEHAVIORAL
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HOSA
-Group psychotherapy
-Medication (Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor (SSRI), Anxiolytic, and
Antidepressant)
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) - ANS ✓an anxiety disorder associated with
serious traumatic events and characterized by such symptoms as survivor guilt,
reliving the trauma in dreams, numbness and lack of involvement with reality, or
recurrent thoughts and images
PTSD Treatments - ANS ✓Treatments for PTSD include:
-Cognitive behavioral therapy,
-Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing
-Exposure & Response Prevention
-Medication (Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor (SSRI))
Applied Behavior Analysis - ANS ✓modern term for a form of functional analysis and
behavior modification that uses a variety of behavioral techniques to mold a desired
behavior or response
4 Major Dimensions of Recovery - ANS ✓heath, home, purpose, and community
Continuum of care - ANS ✓promotion, prevention, treatment, & recovery
Behavioral health - ANS ✓a state of mental/emotional being and/or choices and
actions that affect wellness. Behavioral health problems include substance abuse or
misuse, alcohol and drug addiction, serious psychological distress, suicide, and
mental and substance use disorders
Social factors that are related to early mortality - ANS ✓poverty, social isolation,
and lack of quality healthcare
Trepanation - ANS ✓ancient medical procedure in which a hole was drilled into a
patient's skull to "relieve pressure" or "release evil spirits"
Major roots of psychology (two) - ANS ✓philosophy and natural sciences
Wilhelm Wundt - ANS ✓set up first psychological laboratory; a founder of
structuralism
HOSA BEHAVIORAL
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HOSA
Structuralism - ANS ✓an early school of psychology that used introspection to
explore the structural elements of the human mind
Edward Titchener - ANS ✓Student of Wilhelm Wundt; a founder of Structuralist
school of psychology.
Functionalism - ANS ✓a school of psychology that focused on how mental and
behavioral processes function - how they enable the organism to adapt, survive, and
flourish
Sigmund Freud - ANS ✓developed the psychodynamic theory; existence of
unconscious mind, development of sexuality, dream analysis, and psychoanalysis
Humanistic approach - ANS ✓an approach to psychology emphasizing a persons
positive qualities, the capacity for positive growth, and the freedom to choose any
destiny. Founded by Roger Maslow, it emphasizes the idea that all humans are
naturally good natured, and are striving to attain a strong self-image and climb the
pyramid of needs
Behavioralism - ANS ✓a theory that psychology is essentially a study of external
human behavior rather than internal consciousness and desires
Biological psychology - ANS ✓a branch of psychology concerned with the links
between biology and behavior
Evolutionary pyschology - ANS ✓a theoretical approach to psychology that attempts
to explain useful mental and psychological traits—such as memory, perception, or
language—as adaptations, i.e., as the functional products of natural selection.
Sensory receptors - ANS ✓sensory nerve ending that responds to a stimulus in the
internal or external environment of an organism
Neuron - ANS ✓a specialized cell transmitting nerve impulses; a nerve cell
Sensory neurons - ANS ✓a neuron conducting impulses inwards to the brain or
spinal cord
Motor neurons - ANS ✓a nerve cell forming part of a pathway along which impulses
pass from the brain or spinal cord to a muscle or gland
HOSA BEHAVIORAL
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HOSA
Interneurons - ANS ✓a neuron that transmits impulses between other neurons,
especially as part of a reflex arc
Synapse - ANS ✓a junction between two nerve cells, consisting of a minute gap
across which impulses pass by diffusion of a neurotransmitter
Dendrite (receive) - ANS ✓a short branched extension of a nerve cell, along which
impulses received from other cells at synapses are transmitted to the cell body.
Axon (relay) - ANS ✓the long threadlike part of a nerve cell along which impulses are
conducted from the cell body to other cells
Myelin sheath - ANS ✓a fatty white substance that surrounds the axon of some
nerve cells, forming an electrically insulating layer
Action potential - ANS ✓a neural impulse; a brief electrical charge that travels down
an axon. The action potential is generated by the movement of positively charged
atoms in and out of channels in the axon's membrane.
Threshold - ANS ✓The level of stimulation required to trigger a neural impulse
Neurotransmitter - ANS ✓a chemical substance that is released at the end of a nerve
fiber by the arrival of a nerve impulse and, by diffusing across the synapse or
junction, causes the transfer of the impulse to another nerve fiber, a muscle fiber, or
some other structure.
Endorphins - ANS ✓a natural, opiate-like neurotransmitters linked to pain control
and to pleasure.
Dopamine - ANS ✓a neurotransmitter associated with movement, attention and
learning and the brain's pleasure and reward system
Seratonin - ANS ✓a neurotransmitter that regulates mood, appetite, sleep, muscle
contraction, and some cognitive functions including memory and learning. Lack of
this can cause depression.
Acetylcholine - ANS ✓a neurotransmitter that enables learning and memory and also
triggers muscle contraction
HOSA BEHAVIORAL
HOSA
HOSA BEHAVIORAL HEALTH EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
UPDATED (2025/2026) (VERIFIED
ANSWERS)
Schizophrenia - ANS ✓a disorder characterized by the profound disruption of basic
psychological processes; a distorted perception of reality; altered or blunted
emotion; and disturbances in thought, motivation, and behavior
Schizophrenia treatments - ANS ✓Treatments for schizophrenia include:
-Support group
-Rehabilitation
-Cognitive therapy
-Psychoeducation
-Family therapy
-Behavior therapy
-Group psychotherapy
-Medication (Antipsychotic and Anti-tremor)
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) - ANS ✓an anxiety disorder characterized by
unwanted repetitive thoughts (obsession) and/ or actions (compulsions)
OCD Treatments - ANS ✓Treatments for OCD:
-Support group
-Cognitive behavioral therapy
-Aversion therapy
-Psychoeducation
-Rational emotive behavior therapy
-Exposure and response prevention
-Psychotherapy
-Systematic desensitization
HOSA BEHAVIORAL
, 2
HOSA
-Group psychotherapy
-Medication (Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor (SSRI), Anxiolytic, and
Antidepressant)
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) - ANS ✓an anxiety disorder associated with
serious traumatic events and characterized by such symptoms as survivor guilt,
reliving the trauma in dreams, numbness and lack of involvement with reality, or
recurrent thoughts and images
PTSD Treatments - ANS ✓Treatments for PTSD include:
-Cognitive behavioral therapy,
-Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing
-Exposure & Response Prevention
-Medication (Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor (SSRI))
Applied Behavior Analysis - ANS ✓modern term for a form of functional analysis and
behavior modification that uses a variety of behavioral techniques to mold a desired
behavior or response
4 Major Dimensions of Recovery - ANS ✓heath, home, purpose, and community
Continuum of care - ANS ✓promotion, prevention, treatment, & recovery
Behavioral health - ANS ✓a state of mental/emotional being and/or choices and
actions that affect wellness. Behavioral health problems include substance abuse or
misuse, alcohol and drug addiction, serious psychological distress, suicide, and
mental and substance use disorders
Social factors that are related to early mortality - ANS ✓poverty, social isolation,
and lack of quality healthcare
Trepanation - ANS ✓ancient medical procedure in which a hole was drilled into a
patient's skull to "relieve pressure" or "release evil spirits"
Major roots of psychology (two) - ANS ✓philosophy and natural sciences
Wilhelm Wundt - ANS ✓set up first psychological laboratory; a founder of
structuralism
HOSA BEHAVIORAL
, 3
HOSA
Structuralism - ANS ✓an early school of psychology that used introspection to
explore the structural elements of the human mind
Edward Titchener - ANS ✓Student of Wilhelm Wundt; a founder of Structuralist
school of psychology.
Functionalism - ANS ✓a school of psychology that focused on how mental and
behavioral processes function - how they enable the organism to adapt, survive, and
flourish
Sigmund Freud - ANS ✓developed the psychodynamic theory; existence of
unconscious mind, development of sexuality, dream analysis, and psychoanalysis
Humanistic approach - ANS ✓an approach to psychology emphasizing a persons
positive qualities, the capacity for positive growth, and the freedom to choose any
destiny. Founded by Roger Maslow, it emphasizes the idea that all humans are
naturally good natured, and are striving to attain a strong self-image and climb the
pyramid of needs
Behavioralism - ANS ✓a theory that psychology is essentially a study of external
human behavior rather than internal consciousness and desires
Biological psychology - ANS ✓a branch of psychology concerned with the links
between biology and behavior
Evolutionary pyschology - ANS ✓a theoretical approach to psychology that attempts
to explain useful mental and psychological traits—such as memory, perception, or
language—as adaptations, i.e., as the functional products of natural selection.
Sensory receptors - ANS ✓sensory nerve ending that responds to a stimulus in the
internal or external environment of an organism
Neuron - ANS ✓a specialized cell transmitting nerve impulses; a nerve cell
Sensory neurons - ANS ✓a neuron conducting impulses inwards to the brain or
spinal cord
Motor neurons - ANS ✓a nerve cell forming part of a pathway along which impulses
pass from the brain or spinal cord to a muscle or gland
HOSA BEHAVIORAL
, 4
HOSA
Interneurons - ANS ✓a neuron that transmits impulses between other neurons,
especially as part of a reflex arc
Synapse - ANS ✓a junction between two nerve cells, consisting of a minute gap
across which impulses pass by diffusion of a neurotransmitter
Dendrite (receive) - ANS ✓a short branched extension of a nerve cell, along which
impulses received from other cells at synapses are transmitted to the cell body.
Axon (relay) - ANS ✓the long threadlike part of a nerve cell along which impulses are
conducted from the cell body to other cells
Myelin sheath - ANS ✓a fatty white substance that surrounds the axon of some
nerve cells, forming an electrically insulating layer
Action potential - ANS ✓a neural impulse; a brief electrical charge that travels down
an axon. The action potential is generated by the movement of positively charged
atoms in and out of channels in the axon's membrane.
Threshold - ANS ✓The level of stimulation required to trigger a neural impulse
Neurotransmitter - ANS ✓a chemical substance that is released at the end of a nerve
fiber by the arrival of a nerve impulse and, by diffusing across the synapse or
junction, causes the transfer of the impulse to another nerve fiber, a muscle fiber, or
some other structure.
Endorphins - ANS ✓a natural, opiate-like neurotransmitters linked to pain control
and to pleasure.
Dopamine - ANS ✓a neurotransmitter associated with movement, attention and
learning and the brain's pleasure and reward system
Seratonin - ANS ✓a neurotransmitter that regulates mood, appetite, sleep, muscle
contraction, and some cognitive functions including memory and learning. Lack of
this can cause depression.
Acetylcholine - ANS ✓a neurotransmitter that enables learning and memory and also
triggers muscle contraction
HOSA BEHAVIORAL
