NUR 255
EXAM 1 REVIEW
(Covers Units 1 & 2)
Concepts of Aging, Chronic Illness & Mental Health
Nursing - Galen College of Nursing
, Chapter 2
Maslow’s hierarchy of needs
Physiological needs- food, oxygen, water, sleep, sex, and constant body temperature
Safety needs- security, protection; freedom from fear, anxiety, and chaos; and need for
law, order, and limits
Belonging and love needs- intimate relationships, love, affection, and belonging
Esteem needs- high self-regard, need to feel confident, valued, and valuable
Self-actualization- strive to become everything they are capable of being
Erikson’s stages of development
Infancy 1-1.5 yrs: trust vs. mistrust: forming attachment
Early childhood 1.5-3 yrs: autonomy vs. shame and doubt: gaining some basic control of
self and environment
Preschool 3-6 yrs: initiative vs. guilt: becoming purposeful
School age 6-12 yrs: industry vs. inferiority: developing skills
Adolescence 12-20 yrs: identity vs. role confusion: developing a sense of identity
Early adulthood 20-35 yrs: intimacy vs isolation: establishing intimate bonds or love and
friendship
Middle adulthood 35-65 yrs: generativity vs. self-absorption: fulfilling life goals
Later years 65 yrs-death: integrity vs. despair: looking back on one’s life and accepting
its meaning
Chapter 3
Extrapyramidal side effects (EPS)
Acute dystonia
Sudden, sustained contraction of one or several muscle groups, usually of the head and
neck
Akathisia
A motor restlessness that causes pacing, repetitive movements, or an inability to stay still
or remain in one place
Pseudoparkinsonism
, A temporary group of symptoms that looks like Parkinson’s disease: tremor, reduced
accessory movements, gait impairment, reduced facial expressiveness (mask like face),
and slowing of motor behavior (bradykinesia)
Tardive dyskinesia
Involuntary rhythmic movements
Persists even after the medication has been discontinued
Medications to treat EPS
Benztropine (Cogentin)
Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS)
Reduced consciousness and responsiveness, increased muscle tone, and autonomic
dysfunction
Early detection, discontinuation of the antipsychotic, management of fluid balance,
temperature reduction, and monitoring for complications such as deep vein thrombosis
and rhabdomyolysis are essential
Metabolic syndrome
Weight gain (especially in the abdomen), dyslipidemia, increased blood glucose, and
insulin resistance
Increases chance of diabetes, certain cancers, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease
Benzodiazepines
Educate patients about the side effects and potential for quick onset of action
All benzodiazepines- educate regarding impact on reflexes with maybe slowed
All benzodiazepines- carefully monitor the elderly for fall risk
1. most commonly prescribed anti-anxiety, sedation is a side effect in higher doses
Alprazolam (Xanax)
Clonazepam (klonopin)
Diazepam (valium)
2. approved by the FDA for help with sleep
Flurazepam (dalmane)
Temazepam (Restoril)
Triazolam (halcion)
EXAM 1 REVIEW
(Covers Units 1 & 2)
Concepts of Aging, Chronic Illness & Mental Health
Nursing - Galen College of Nursing
, Chapter 2
Maslow’s hierarchy of needs
Physiological needs- food, oxygen, water, sleep, sex, and constant body temperature
Safety needs- security, protection; freedom from fear, anxiety, and chaos; and need for
law, order, and limits
Belonging and love needs- intimate relationships, love, affection, and belonging
Esteem needs- high self-regard, need to feel confident, valued, and valuable
Self-actualization- strive to become everything they are capable of being
Erikson’s stages of development
Infancy 1-1.5 yrs: trust vs. mistrust: forming attachment
Early childhood 1.5-3 yrs: autonomy vs. shame and doubt: gaining some basic control of
self and environment
Preschool 3-6 yrs: initiative vs. guilt: becoming purposeful
School age 6-12 yrs: industry vs. inferiority: developing skills
Adolescence 12-20 yrs: identity vs. role confusion: developing a sense of identity
Early adulthood 20-35 yrs: intimacy vs isolation: establishing intimate bonds or love and
friendship
Middle adulthood 35-65 yrs: generativity vs. self-absorption: fulfilling life goals
Later years 65 yrs-death: integrity vs. despair: looking back on one’s life and accepting
its meaning
Chapter 3
Extrapyramidal side effects (EPS)
Acute dystonia
Sudden, sustained contraction of one or several muscle groups, usually of the head and
neck
Akathisia
A motor restlessness that causes pacing, repetitive movements, or an inability to stay still
or remain in one place
Pseudoparkinsonism
, A temporary group of symptoms that looks like Parkinson’s disease: tremor, reduced
accessory movements, gait impairment, reduced facial expressiveness (mask like face),
and slowing of motor behavior (bradykinesia)
Tardive dyskinesia
Involuntary rhythmic movements
Persists even after the medication has been discontinued
Medications to treat EPS
Benztropine (Cogentin)
Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS)
Reduced consciousness and responsiveness, increased muscle tone, and autonomic
dysfunction
Early detection, discontinuation of the antipsychotic, management of fluid balance,
temperature reduction, and monitoring for complications such as deep vein thrombosis
and rhabdomyolysis are essential
Metabolic syndrome
Weight gain (especially in the abdomen), dyslipidemia, increased blood glucose, and
insulin resistance
Increases chance of diabetes, certain cancers, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease
Benzodiazepines
Educate patients about the side effects and potential for quick onset of action
All benzodiazepines- educate regarding impact on reflexes with maybe slowed
All benzodiazepines- carefully monitor the elderly for fall risk
1. most commonly prescribed anti-anxiety, sedation is a side effect in higher doses
Alprazolam (Xanax)
Clonazepam (klonopin)
Diazepam (valium)
2. approved by the FDA for help with sleep
Flurazepam (dalmane)
Temazepam (Restoril)
Triazolam (halcion)
