NUR 255
FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE
(Covers Units 9, 10, & 11/12)
Concepts of Aging, Chronic Illness & Mental Health
Nursing - Galen College of Nursing
,Exam 4 Mental Health Study guide:
Mood Disorders: Depression & Bipolar Disorders
Understanding the prevention stages:
1. Primary prevention:
a. This is teaching the PT and reducing incidence.
2. Secondary prevention:
a. Early screening, identify problems for prompt effective treatment
3. Tertiary prevention:
a. Treat with focus on stop/slow deterioration of disease-rehabilitation.
4.
What are depression Signs and Symptoms:
- They are there persistently, depressed mood lasting a MINIMUM of 2 weeks.
- Anhedonia:
o Means the inability to feel joy
- Must have AT LEAST 5 of the following:
o Fatigue
o Sleep disturbances
o Changes in appetite
With severe depression they eat less and loose weight because of it
o Feeling of hopelessness or worthlessness
o Persistent thoughts of death or suicide
Worry about people dying, ruminate over it. Big thing with depression is the
rumination they think the same thing over and over.
o Inability to concentrate or make decisions
o Change in physical activity
- Children and depression:
o They aren’t as much as they are irritable. They act out, this can be depression.
, - Slowed motor movement *Anxiety/agitation is possible*
- Mental affect function or cause of significant distress
o To be diagnosed with depression you must have significant suffering or significant loss of
function.
What are subtypes of major depressive disorders:
- Psychotic Features:
o Delusion, severe guilt, suicide-prone.
o More suicidal prone, they have disorganized thoughts and they aren’t able to make good
decisions.
- Melancholic Features:
o Anhedonia = inability to express pleasure
o Persistently depressed mood over 2 weeks
o Rumination and not able to be happy about anything. They ruminate, take some aspect
of life that isn’t going well and keep going over and over on it like a video on repeat. Feel
guilt, hopelessness, worthlessness.
- Atypical features:
o Sensitivity r/t rejection, strong genetic component
Nature and genetics and the other is nurture
o Adolescent age of onset, binge eating and deep fatigue
Toxic stress = Where a parent has a consistent depression it can affect the child,
gives that stress to that child. They will react to what’s around to them, kids start
to pick things up that toxic stress and have a higher risk of depression just
because they have had that consistently around them.
- Catatonic Features:
o These are abnormal movements can be agitation, them running around, statue like,
things that are abnormal with movement. With Schizo there is waxy flexibility which
means that no matter which way you move the arm they will keep it there.
- Postpartum:
o Hormone related, happens after delivery.
o Less common with moms that are breastfeeding because they are mediated more.
- Seasonal Affective Disorder:
o AKA SAD
o This is based on the amount of light the person is exposed to. Winter, they will even go
as far as to expose them to lights and it will make a difference.
- Unliteral:
o No incidences of hyperactivity, no episodes of mania.
- Premenstrual dysphoric disorder
- Dysthymic Disorder:
o The onset us usually teens, low level s/s are distressing-social problems – past 2 years.
o Function well, known there is a issue there and early onset. Like stated above usually in
teen years, depression is what the PT will say when asked but they haven’t been happy
in a long time.
, o The key with this one is you have to have felt consistently depressed for at least 2 years
and it has to be there for most of the day. The onset of this being in childhood to early
adulthood.
- Disruptive mood dysregulation Disorder:
o Children 6-18 years, have temper tantrums/ verbal and behavioral outburst and irritable
mood.
o They act out, the depression is seen more as irritability instead of sadness. Can’t tolerate
stress well, doesn’t necessarily hurt others, low frustration tolerance
- Mixed anxiety depression:
o Anxiety component; worthlessness, pessimism, worry a lot
o Usually more difficult to treat, the anxiety is the first symptom.
o They have to have enough with both components to have both anxieity and depression.
Have to have enough loss of function to have dual diagnosis’s. Depression with anxiety
features but not true with anxiety.
- Depressive disorder with medical conditions
- Substance abuse depressive disorder
What are the risk factors for depression?
- Female
o The tend to talk, have hormones, express their feelings and males won’t talk as much
and open up.
o Unmarried
o Low socioeconomic class
o Early childhood trauma
o Presence of negative life event, especially loss & humiliation
o Alcohol or substance abuse
Those with depression tend to self-medicate
o Family history of depression, especially in first degree relatives
o Ineffective coping ability
People raised in toxic areas, they won’t pass on good coping skills to those kids
o Postpartum time period
o Medical illness
o Absence of social support
The Etiology of depression:
- Biological factors:
o Genetic
Supported by the twin studies 5x incidence if twin is depressed, meaning that if
1 twin is depressed there is 5x more of a chance the other one will become
depressed.
FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE
(Covers Units 9, 10, & 11/12)
Concepts of Aging, Chronic Illness & Mental Health
Nursing - Galen College of Nursing
,Exam 4 Mental Health Study guide:
Mood Disorders: Depression & Bipolar Disorders
Understanding the prevention stages:
1. Primary prevention:
a. This is teaching the PT and reducing incidence.
2. Secondary prevention:
a. Early screening, identify problems for prompt effective treatment
3. Tertiary prevention:
a. Treat with focus on stop/slow deterioration of disease-rehabilitation.
4.
What are depression Signs and Symptoms:
- They are there persistently, depressed mood lasting a MINIMUM of 2 weeks.
- Anhedonia:
o Means the inability to feel joy
- Must have AT LEAST 5 of the following:
o Fatigue
o Sleep disturbances
o Changes in appetite
With severe depression they eat less and loose weight because of it
o Feeling of hopelessness or worthlessness
o Persistent thoughts of death or suicide
Worry about people dying, ruminate over it. Big thing with depression is the
rumination they think the same thing over and over.
o Inability to concentrate or make decisions
o Change in physical activity
- Children and depression:
o They aren’t as much as they are irritable. They act out, this can be depression.
, - Slowed motor movement *Anxiety/agitation is possible*
- Mental affect function or cause of significant distress
o To be diagnosed with depression you must have significant suffering or significant loss of
function.
What are subtypes of major depressive disorders:
- Psychotic Features:
o Delusion, severe guilt, suicide-prone.
o More suicidal prone, they have disorganized thoughts and they aren’t able to make good
decisions.
- Melancholic Features:
o Anhedonia = inability to express pleasure
o Persistently depressed mood over 2 weeks
o Rumination and not able to be happy about anything. They ruminate, take some aspect
of life that isn’t going well and keep going over and over on it like a video on repeat. Feel
guilt, hopelessness, worthlessness.
- Atypical features:
o Sensitivity r/t rejection, strong genetic component
Nature and genetics and the other is nurture
o Adolescent age of onset, binge eating and deep fatigue
Toxic stress = Where a parent has a consistent depression it can affect the child,
gives that stress to that child. They will react to what’s around to them, kids start
to pick things up that toxic stress and have a higher risk of depression just
because they have had that consistently around them.
- Catatonic Features:
o These are abnormal movements can be agitation, them running around, statue like,
things that are abnormal with movement. With Schizo there is waxy flexibility which
means that no matter which way you move the arm they will keep it there.
- Postpartum:
o Hormone related, happens after delivery.
o Less common with moms that are breastfeeding because they are mediated more.
- Seasonal Affective Disorder:
o AKA SAD
o This is based on the amount of light the person is exposed to. Winter, they will even go
as far as to expose them to lights and it will make a difference.
- Unliteral:
o No incidences of hyperactivity, no episodes of mania.
- Premenstrual dysphoric disorder
- Dysthymic Disorder:
o The onset us usually teens, low level s/s are distressing-social problems – past 2 years.
o Function well, known there is a issue there and early onset. Like stated above usually in
teen years, depression is what the PT will say when asked but they haven’t been happy
in a long time.
, o The key with this one is you have to have felt consistently depressed for at least 2 years
and it has to be there for most of the day. The onset of this being in childhood to early
adulthood.
- Disruptive mood dysregulation Disorder:
o Children 6-18 years, have temper tantrums/ verbal and behavioral outburst and irritable
mood.
o They act out, the depression is seen more as irritability instead of sadness. Can’t tolerate
stress well, doesn’t necessarily hurt others, low frustration tolerance
- Mixed anxiety depression:
o Anxiety component; worthlessness, pessimism, worry a lot
o Usually more difficult to treat, the anxiety is the first symptom.
o They have to have enough with both components to have both anxieity and depression.
Have to have enough loss of function to have dual diagnosis’s. Depression with anxiety
features but not true with anxiety.
- Depressive disorder with medical conditions
- Substance abuse depressive disorder
What are the risk factors for depression?
- Female
o The tend to talk, have hormones, express their feelings and males won’t talk as much
and open up.
o Unmarried
o Low socioeconomic class
o Early childhood trauma
o Presence of negative life event, especially loss & humiliation
o Alcohol or substance abuse
Those with depression tend to self-medicate
o Family history of depression, especially in first degree relatives
o Ineffective coping ability
People raised in toxic areas, they won’t pass on good coping skills to those kids
o Postpartum time period
o Medical illness
o Absence of social support
The Etiology of depression:
- Biological factors:
o Genetic
Supported by the twin studies 5x incidence if twin is depressed, meaning that if
1 twin is depressed there is 5x more of a chance the other one will become
depressed.
