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NRS 325: Exam 3 Questions and Answers
(100% Correct Answers) Already Graded A+
perfusion Ans: blood flow through the circulatory system for optimal
cellular activity
2 attributes of perfusion Ans: 1. central perfusion
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2. tissue/peripheral perfusion
ischemia Ans: inadequate blood supply to an organ or part of the body
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infarction Ans: obstruction of circulation followed by ischemic necrosis
(death of tissue)
anoxia Ans: absence of oxygen
hypoxia Ans: deficiency in the amount of oxygen reaching the tissues
hypoxemia Ans: deficient amount of oxygen in the blood
hydrostatic pressure Ans: Pressure exerted by a volume of fluid against a
wall, membrane, or some other structure that encloses the fluid
- pushes electrolytes, fluid, oxygen, & nutrients towards the cells in the
tissues
oncotic/colloidal pressure Ans: pulling pressure back into venous end,
generated by plasma proteins (serum albumin)
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what plasma protein generates oncotic pressure? Ans: albumin
scope of perfusion Ans: excessive, optimal, impaired, no perfusion (tissue
death)
What might happen if a patient has an ongoing perfusion impairment?
Ans: Develop chronic illness
excessive perfusion can lead to Ans: hypertension and damage to
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vessel walls
decreased perfusion can lead to Ans: hypoxic cell injury and cell death
from lack of oxygen and glucose
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central perfusion Ans: force of blood movement generated by cardiac
output
central perfusion requires adequate....? (3) Ans: cardiac function, blood
pressure, and blood volume
tissue/local perfusion Ans: Volume of blood that flows to target tissue
tissue/local perfusion requires...? (4) Ans: patent vessels, adequate
hydrostatic pressure, oncotic/colloidal pressure, capillary permeability
how to measure cardiac output (CO) Ans: heart rate (HR) x stroke
volume (SV)
average heart rate Ans: 70 bpm
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average stroke volume Ans: 70-80 ml/beat
average cardiac output Ans: 5000 ml/min
true or false: cardiac output varies widely with level of activity of body
Ans: true
When there is decreased CO, blood backs up into the _________. Ans:
lungs; (increases hydrostatic pressure, which increases fluid)
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preload Ans: volume of blood in ventricles at end of diastole (diastolic
end volume)
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afterload Ans: amount of resistance left ventricular must overcome to
eject and circulate blood
Vasoconstriction of which structure can increase afterload? Ans:
systemic arteries
Blood flow through the heart and body (19) Ans: 1. Vena cava
2. R atrium
3. R AV valve
4. R ventricle
5. Pulmonary SL valve
6. Pulmonary artery
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7. Lungs
8. Pulmonary veins
9. L atrium
10. L AV valve
11. L ventricle
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12. Aortic SL valve
13. Aorta
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14. Arteries of organs
15. Arterioles of organs
16. Capillaries of organs
17. Venules of organs
18. Veins of organs
19. Vena cava
What do the lungs do in the circulatory system? Ans: gas exchange
- oxygen moves from lungs into bloodstream & CO2 passes from the
blood to lungs to be exhaled
1
NRS 325: Exam 3 Questions and Answers
(100% Correct Answers) Already Graded A+
perfusion Ans: blood flow through the circulatory system for optimal
cellular activity
2 attributes of perfusion Ans: 1. central perfusion
© 2026 Assignment Expert
2. tissue/peripheral perfusion
ischemia Ans: inadequate blood supply to an organ or part of the body
Guru01 - Stuvia
infarction Ans: obstruction of circulation followed by ischemic necrosis
(death of tissue)
anoxia Ans: absence of oxygen
hypoxia Ans: deficiency in the amount of oxygen reaching the tissues
hypoxemia Ans: deficient amount of oxygen in the blood
hydrostatic pressure Ans: Pressure exerted by a volume of fluid against a
wall, membrane, or some other structure that encloses the fluid
- pushes electrolytes, fluid, oxygen, & nutrients towards the cells in the
tissues
oncotic/colloidal pressure Ans: pulling pressure back into venous end,
generated by plasma proteins (serum albumin)
,For Expert help and assignment handling,
2
what plasma protein generates oncotic pressure? Ans: albumin
scope of perfusion Ans: excessive, optimal, impaired, no perfusion (tissue
death)
What might happen if a patient has an ongoing perfusion impairment?
Ans: Develop chronic illness
excessive perfusion can lead to Ans: hypertension and damage to
© 2026 Assignment Expert
vessel walls
decreased perfusion can lead to Ans: hypoxic cell injury and cell death
from lack of oxygen and glucose
Guru01 - Stuvia
central perfusion Ans: force of blood movement generated by cardiac
output
central perfusion requires adequate....? (3) Ans: cardiac function, blood
pressure, and blood volume
tissue/local perfusion Ans: Volume of blood that flows to target tissue
tissue/local perfusion requires...? (4) Ans: patent vessels, adequate
hydrostatic pressure, oncotic/colloidal pressure, capillary permeability
how to measure cardiac output (CO) Ans: heart rate (HR) x stroke
volume (SV)
average heart rate Ans: 70 bpm
,For Expert help and assignment handling,
3
average stroke volume Ans: 70-80 ml/beat
average cardiac output Ans: 5000 ml/min
true or false: cardiac output varies widely with level of activity of body
Ans: true
When there is decreased CO, blood backs up into the _________. Ans:
lungs; (increases hydrostatic pressure, which increases fluid)
© 2026 Assignment Expert
preload Ans: volume of blood in ventricles at end of diastole (diastolic
end volume)
Guru01 - Stuvia
afterload Ans: amount of resistance left ventricular must overcome to
eject and circulate blood
Vasoconstriction of which structure can increase afterload? Ans:
systemic arteries
Blood flow through the heart and body (19) Ans: 1. Vena cava
2. R atrium
3. R AV valve
4. R ventricle
5. Pulmonary SL valve
6. Pulmonary artery
, For Expert help and assignment handling,
4
7. Lungs
8. Pulmonary veins
9. L atrium
10. L AV valve
11. L ventricle
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12. Aortic SL valve
13. Aorta
Guru01 - Stuvia
14. Arteries of organs
15. Arterioles of organs
16. Capillaries of organs
17. Venules of organs
18. Veins of organs
19. Vena cava
What do the lungs do in the circulatory system? Ans: gas exchange
- oxygen moves from lungs into bloodstream & CO2 passes from the
blood to lungs to be exhaled
