NR511 Final Exam Study Guide Review With Key
Concepts and Verified Answers for Maximum
Scores
A 28-year-old woman presents with 6 months of abdominal cramping relieved by defecation,
alternating constipation and diarrhea, and a normal colonoscopy. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Irritable bowel syndrome
A 32-year-old male has chronic diarrhea, weight loss, and anemia. Colonoscopy reveals "skip lesions"
and cobblestoning. What is the diagnosis?
Crohn's disease
A patient is diagnosed with ulcerative colitis. Which finding best supports this diagnosis?
Continuous inflammation beginning at the rectum
Which condition is potentially cured by colectomy?
Ulcerative colitis
A 24-year-old presents with abdominal pain and bloody diarrhea. Imaging shows transmural
inflammation and fistulas. What is the likely condition?
Crohn's disease
A patient has MCV 72, hypochromic RBCs, and low ferritin. What is the diagnosis?
Iron deficiency anemia
A patient with Crohn's disease presents with MCV 110 and glossitis. What is the most likely anemia?
Vitamin B12 deficiency
A 71-year-old patient presents with chronic kidney disease and normocytic normochromic anemia.
What is the most likely diagnosis?
Anemia of chronic disease
, A patient with G6PD deficiency takes trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. They develop jaundice and
dark urine. What anemia pattern is expected?
Hemolytic anemia
A patient presents with numbness over the medial ankle and decreased patellar reflex. What nerve
root is affected?
L4
A patient with low back pain reports numbness over the dorsal foot and weakness in big toe
extension. Which nerve root is compressed?
L5
Which exam finding is MOST suggestive of L5 radiculopathy?
Weakness of great toe dorsiflexion
Which medication is an aminoglycoside?
Gentamicin
Which medication is classified as a macrolide?
Azithromycin
Which medication is a fluoroquinolone?
Ciprofloxacin
Which antibiotic works by inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis?
Penicillin
A patient allergic to penicillin needs treatment for otitis media. Which alternative works on the 50S
ribosomal subunit?
Azithromycin
A patient with pyelonephritis has a severe sulfa allergy. Which alternative antibiotic is appropriate?
Ciprofloxacin
Which class of antibiotics can cause ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity?
Aminoglycosides
Which antibiotic should be avoided in pregnancy due to cartilage toxicity?
Ciprofloxacin
A 26-year-old woman presents with intermittent abdominal pain, bloating, and diarrhea for 4 months.
All labs including ESR/CRP, celiac panel, stool cultures, and colonoscopy are normal. What is the best
initial management?
Concepts and Verified Answers for Maximum
Scores
A 28-year-old woman presents with 6 months of abdominal cramping relieved by defecation,
alternating constipation and diarrhea, and a normal colonoscopy. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Irritable bowel syndrome
A 32-year-old male has chronic diarrhea, weight loss, and anemia. Colonoscopy reveals "skip lesions"
and cobblestoning. What is the diagnosis?
Crohn's disease
A patient is diagnosed with ulcerative colitis. Which finding best supports this diagnosis?
Continuous inflammation beginning at the rectum
Which condition is potentially cured by colectomy?
Ulcerative colitis
A 24-year-old presents with abdominal pain and bloody diarrhea. Imaging shows transmural
inflammation and fistulas. What is the likely condition?
Crohn's disease
A patient has MCV 72, hypochromic RBCs, and low ferritin. What is the diagnosis?
Iron deficiency anemia
A patient with Crohn's disease presents with MCV 110 and glossitis. What is the most likely anemia?
Vitamin B12 deficiency
A 71-year-old patient presents with chronic kidney disease and normocytic normochromic anemia.
What is the most likely diagnosis?
Anemia of chronic disease
, A patient with G6PD deficiency takes trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. They develop jaundice and
dark urine. What anemia pattern is expected?
Hemolytic anemia
A patient presents with numbness over the medial ankle and decreased patellar reflex. What nerve
root is affected?
L4
A patient with low back pain reports numbness over the dorsal foot and weakness in big toe
extension. Which nerve root is compressed?
L5
Which exam finding is MOST suggestive of L5 radiculopathy?
Weakness of great toe dorsiflexion
Which medication is an aminoglycoside?
Gentamicin
Which medication is classified as a macrolide?
Azithromycin
Which medication is a fluoroquinolone?
Ciprofloxacin
Which antibiotic works by inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis?
Penicillin
A patient allergic to penicillin needs treatment for otitis media. Which alternative works on the 50S
ribosomal subunit?
Azithromycin
A patient with pyelonephritis has a severe sulfa allergy. Which alternative antibiotic is appropriate?
Ciprofloxacin
Which class of antibiotics can cause ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity?
Aminoglycosides
Which antibiotic should be avoided in pregnancy due to cartilage toxicity?
Ciprofloxacin
A 26-year-old woman presents with intermittent abdominal pain, bloating, and diarrhea for 4 months.
All labs including ESR/CRP, celiac panel, stool cultures, and colonoscopy are normal. What is the best
initial management?
