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NU670 QUIZ 1 REVIEW 2026
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS| ACE
YOUR GRADES.
What happens with hypofunction of dopaminergic neurons in
the mesocortical pathway in schizophrenia?
Negative symptoms of schizophrenia (apathy, blunt affect,
cognitive impairment, poverty of thought).
Dopamine's role in prolactin
This Inhibits Prolactin via the TuberoInfundibular Pathway.
Dopamine's role in the reward pathway
located in the Ventral Tegmental Area (Very Tired Addict)
Dopamine's effects on movement
liked to Nigro Striatal Pathway (iNvoluntary movement, Stuttering
& Parkinsonism).
Serotonin (5-HT)
Excitatory or inhibitory; involved in sleep, mood, anxiety, and
appetite
Serotonin side effects
Sleep and energy
Platelet dysfunction (10% found in platelets so be careful if pt is
taking anticoagulants)
Abdominal upset (90% found in gut)
Reproductive effects (low libido, decreased orgasm)
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Overdose (serotonin syndrome)
Weight gain
Serotonin Syndrome
Shits & SHIVERS
Shits (diarrhea)
Shivering
Hyperreflexia
Increased temperature
Vital sign instability
Encephalopathy
Restlessness
Sweating
Where is serotonin produced?
raphe nuclei
Norepinephrine
SNS, fight or flight. CNS: Concentrations, attention, vigilance,
energy. PNS: Tachycardia, HTN, Glucose, essential organs.
Alpha 1: all over the body
Alpha 2: negative feedback
Beta 1: heart
Beta 2: lungs (relax)
Beta 3
Where is Norepinephrine produced?
locus coeruleus
Glutamate
On. Excitatory. Learning, memory and mating.
GABA
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Off. Inhibitory. Relaxation, euphoria, relax muscles, and
decreased respirations.
Histamine
Hayfever, itching, sleep
1st generation antihistamines
Work central and peripherally. Diphenhydramine.
2nd generation antihistamines
- Claritin (Loratidine)
- Clarinex (Desloratidine)
- Certizine (Zyrtec)
retrograde neurotransmitters
released from postsynaptic neuron and diffuse backward to the
axons of presynaptic neurons. EX: Nitrous Oxide
Volume Neurotransmission
Neuronal transmission that does not require a synapse; chemical
messengers (neurotransmitters) can spill over to distant neurons
by diffusion (chemical puffs); example dopamine in the prefrontal
cortex
Secondary Messengers in Neurons
Intracellular
Role of transcription factors
Influences gene expression
Epigenetics
the study of changes in organisms caused by modification of
GENE EXPRESSION
NU670 QUIZ 1 REVIEW 2026
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS| ACE
YOUR GRADES.
What happens with hypofunction of dopaminergic neurons in
the mesocortical pathway in schizophrenia?
Negative symptoms of schizophrenia (apathy, blunt affect,
cognitive impairment, poverty of thought).
Dopamine's role in prolactin
This Inhibits Prolactin via the TuberoInfundibular Pathway.
Dopamine's role in the reward pathway
located in the Ventral Tegmental Area (Very Tired Addict)
Dopamine's effects on movement
liked to Nigro Striatal Pathway (iNvoluntary movement, Stuttering
& Parkinsonism).
Serotonin (5-HT)
Excitatory or inhibitory; involved in sleep, mood, anxiety, and
appetite
Serotonin side effects
Sleep and energy
Platelet dysfunction (10% found in platelets so be careful if pt is
taking anticoagulants)
Abdominal upset (90% found in gut)
Reproductive effects (low libido, decreased orgasm)
, Page | 2
Overdose (serotonin syndrome)
Weight gain
Serotonin Syndrome
Shits & SHIVERS
Shits (diarrhea)
Shivering
Hyperreflexia
Increased temperature
Vital sign instability
Encephalopathy
Restlessness
Sweating
Where is serotonin produced?
raphe nuclei
Norepinephrine
SNS, fight or flight. CNS: Concentrations, attention, vigilance,
energy. PNS: Tachycardia, HTN, Glucose, essential organs.
Alpha 1: all over the body
Alpha 2: negative feedback
Beta 1: heart
Beta 2: lungs (relax)
Beta 3
Where is Norepinephrine produced?
locus coeruleus
Glutamate
On. Excitatory. Learning, memory and mating.
GABA
, Page | 3
Off. Inhibitory. Relaxation, euphoria, relax muscles, and
decreased respirations.
Histamine
Hayfever, itching, sleep
1st generation antihistamines
Work central and peripherally. Diphenhydramine.
2nd generation antihistamines
- Claritin (Loratidine)
- Clarinex (Desloratidine)
- Certizine (Zyrtec)
retrograde neurotransmitters
released from postsynaptic neuron and diffuse backward to the
axons of presynaptic neurons. EX: Nitrous Oxide
Volume Neurotransmission
Neuronal transmission that does not require a synapse; chemical
messengers (neurotransmitters) can spill over to distant neurons
by diffusion (chemical puffs); example dopamine in the prefrontal
cortex
Secondary Messengers in Neurons
Intracellular
Role of transcription factors
Influences gene expression
Epigenetics
the study of changes in organisms caused by modification of
GENE EXPRESSION
