NSG 4100 FINAL EXAM | ALL
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS | GRADED A+ | VERIFIED
ANSWERS | LATEST EXAM 2026
what would require immediate intervention for a patient with head trauma? - CORRECT ANSWER--
CSF drainage: meningitis infection can occur
- A depressed fracture - require surgery within 24 hrs
- A battle sign (bruising over the mastoid bone)
- Pts who pees ALOT - indicate dilute urine --> DI
- GCS - score <8
- Decorticate and Decerebrate posturing
- Changes in pupils
What would require immediate intervention for a patient with TBIs? - CORRECT ANSWER-- Dolls eyes
(dilation of eyes), fixation of pupils, paralysis of extremity ---> indicate herniation
- When Turing pt head to one side, and if eyes turn into the same direction = bad response
- opposite direction = normal response
Clinical manifestations that require immediate intervention for acute SDH? - CORRECT ANSWER--
Coma, increase BP, decreased HR, slow RR
What emergency procedure would be preformed for a patient with a epidural hematoma? -
CORRECT ANSWER-Burr holes - release blood accumulated in the between the skull and dura bc it
can cause neurological deficits and respiratory arrest
Early s/s of increased ICP - CORRECT ANSWER-- change in LOC - earliest
- disorientation, restlessness, increased respiratory effort (Kussmals), purposeless movements,
mental confusion,
- pupillary changes and impaired extraocular movements
-
late s/s of increased ICP (vital sign changes) - CORRECT ANSWER-- Cushing's Triad
- bradycardia, bradypnea, widen pulse pressure (increased systolic, decreased diastolic_
- increased BP and temp
Late signs of increased ICP - CORRECT ANSWER-- patient becomes erratic
- GCS score <8
- LOC continues to deteriorate
,- Chain-stokes (rhythmic waxing and waning of ate and depth with brief episodes of apnea
- Ataxic breathing - irregular breathing with random deep and shallow breath
- projectile vomiting
- hemiplegia
- decorticate
- decerebrate
- flaccidity before death
- loss of brain stem reflexes: pupillary, corneal, gag, and swallowing reflexes are not present
(signs of approaching death)
Normal ICP pressure - CORRECT ANSWER-5-15 mmHg
Normal CPP - CORRECT ANSWER-70-100 mmHg
an ICP >25 indicates? - CORRECT ANSWER-worsening if pressure does not return within 5 minutes
a CPP <50mmHg indicates - CORRECT ANSWER-No blood glow and irreversible damage
What is the goal for a Craniotomy post op? - CORRECT ANSWER-- aimed at detecting and reducing
cerebral edema, relieve ing pain, preventing seizures, monitoring ICP, and neurological status
Plan of care post op for a craniotomy? - CORRECT ANSWER-- reduce cerebral edema by giving:
mannitol, IV dexamethasone, and taper off when discontinuing
- relieve pain and decrease temp with:
- acetaminophen (mild)
- codeine and morphine - for intense pain
- prophylactic anticonvulsants: phenytoin and levetiracetam
- remove the ICP monitor as soon as ICP is regulated and is stable
Post-op assessments for craniotomy? - CORRECT ANSWER-- Respiratory function ( s/s of hypoxia, RR,
pattern and ABGs)
- Temp (hyperthermia indicates infection; hypothermia during procedure)
- tx periorbital edema with cold compresses, this can last for 1-2 days
- neurological: Q15-60min, avoid head rotation, HOB 30 degrees, resposition Q2H, promote deep
breathing and IS use
- Assess foley - output >200ml indicate DI
What are complication of craniotomy? - CORRECT ANSWER-- increased ICP
- bleeding from site
- CSF leakage - emergency
, - infections - assess with REEDA
- DI
- SIADH
- seizures
What pt are more susceptible to opportunistic variations of meningitis? - CORRECT ANSWER--
college students
- Millitary personal
- dense community groups
- those who have not been vaccinated before
- tobacco users
- pt who have upper viral respiratory infections
- have otitis media
- pts with immune deficiencies
- pt with mastoiditis
- Aseptic meningitis can effect pt with (cancer, HIV, AIDS, weaken immune system
Care of a client with encephalitis from herpes simplex? - CORRECT ANSWER-- Acyclovir - early
administration, continues for 3 weeks
- comfort measures to reduce headaches: cluster care, dim lights, limit noise, and visitors, administer
analgesics, place pt further away from the nurses station
- monitor for changes in LOC
- seizure precautions
Care of a client with encephalitis from arthropod-Borne virus? - CORRECT ANSWER-- No TX; but
report to the local health department
- if fever and headache - tx at home
- if very ill - tx at the hospital
- assess neurological status Q1H - identifies deterioration and improvement of the condition
- fall and seizure precautions
Prevention education for arthropod-Borne virus - CORRECT ANSWER-- wear clothing that provides
covering
- insect repellent on clothing and skin in high areas
- remain indoors at dawn and dusk
- remove standing water
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS | GRADED A+ | VERIFIED
ANSWERS | LATEST EXAM 2026
what would require immediate intervention for a patient with head trauma? - CORRECT ANSWER--
CSF drainage: meningitis infection can occur
- A depressed fracture - require surgery within 24 hrs
- A battle sign (bruising over the mastoid bone)
- Pts who pees ALOT - indicate dilute urine --> DI
- GCS - score <8
- Decorticate and Decerebrate posturing
- Changes in pupils
What would require immediate intervention for a patient with TBIs? - CORRECT ANSWER-- Dolls eyes
(dilation of eyes), fixation of pupils, paralysis of extremity ---> indicate herniation
- When Turing pt head to one side, and if eyes turn into the same direction = bad response
- opposite direction = normal response
Clinical manifestations that require immediate intervention for acute SDH? - CORRECT ANSWER--
Coma, increase BP, decreased HR, slow RR
What emergency procedure would be preformed for a patient with a epidural hematoma? -
CORRECT ANSWER-Burr holes - release blood accumulated in the between the skull and dura bc it
can cause neurological deficits and respiratory arrest
Early s/s of increased ICP - CORRECT ANSWER-- change in LOC - earliest
- disorientation, restlessness, increased respiratory effort (Kussmals), purposeless movements,
mental confusion,
- pupillary changes and impaired extraocular movements
-
late s/s of increased ICP (vital sign changes) - CORRECT ANSWER-- Cushing's Triad
- bradycardia, bradypnea, widen pulse pressure (increased systolic, decreased diastolic_
- increased BP and temp
Late signs of increased ICP - CORRECT ANSWER-- patient becomes erratic
- GCS score <8
- LOC continues to deteriorate
,- Chain-stokes (rhythmic waxing and waning of ate and depth with brief episodes of apnea
- Ataxic breathing - irregular breathing with random deep and shallow breath
- projectile vomiting
- hemiplegia
- decorticate
- decerebrate
- flaccidity before death
- loss of brain stem reflexes: pupillary, corneal, gag, and swallowing reflexes are not present
(signs of approaching death)
Normal ICP pressure - CORRECT ANSWER-5-15 mmHg
Normal CPP - CORRECT ANSWER-70-100 mmHg
an ICP >25 indicates? - CORRECT ANSWER-worsening if pressure does not return within 5 minutes
a CPP <50mmHg indicates - CORRECT ANSWER-No blood glow and irreversible damage
What is the goal for a Craniotomy post op? - CORRECT ANSWER-- aimed at detecting and reducing
cerebral edema, relieve ing pain, preventing seizures, monitoring ICP, and neurological status
Plan of care post op for a craniotomy? - CORRECT ANSWER-- reduce cerebral edema by giving:
mannitol, IV dexamethasone, and taper off when discontinuing
- relieve pain and decrease temp with:
- acetaminophen (mild)
- codeine and morphine - for intense pain
- prophylactic anticonvulsants: phenytoin and levetiracetam
- remove the ICP monitor as soon as ICP is regulated and is stable
Post-op assessments for craniotomy? - CORRECT ANSWER-- Respiratory function ( s/s of hypoxia, RR,
pattern and ABGs)
- Temp (hyperthermia indicates infection; hypothermia during procedure)
- tx periorbital edema with cold compresses, this can last for 1-2 days
- neurological: Q15-60min, avoid head rotation, HOB 30 degrees, resposition Q2H, promote deep
breathing and IS use
- Assess foley - output >200ml indicate DI
What are complication of craniotomy? - CORRECT ANSWER-- increased ICP
- bleeding from site
- CSF leakage - emergency
, - infections - assess with REEDA
- DI
- SIADH
- seizures
What pt are more susceptible to opportunistic variations of meningitis? - CORRECT ANSWER--
college students
- Millitary personal
- dense community groups
- those who have not been vaccinated before
- tobacco users
- pt who have upper viral respiratory infections
- have otitis media
- pts with immune deficiencies
- pt with mastoiditis
- Aseptic meningitis can effect pt with (cancer, HIV, AIDS, weaken immune system
Care of a client with encephalitis from herpes simplex? - CORRECT ANSWER-- Acyclovir - early
administration, continues for 3 weeks
- comfort measures to reduce headaches: cluster care, dim lights, limit noise, and visitors, administer
analgesics, place pt further away from the nurses station
- monitor for changes in LOC
- seizure precautions
Care of a client with encephalitis from arthropod-Borne virus? - CORRECT ANSWER-- No TX; but
report to the local health department
- if fever and headache - tx at home
- if very ill - tx at the hospital
- assess neurological status Q1H - identifies deterioration and improvement of the condition
- fall and seizure precautions
Prevention education for arthropod-Borne virus - CORRECT ANSWER-- wear clothing that provides
covering
- insect repellent on clothing and skin in high areas
- remain indoors at dawn and dusk
- remove standing water
