Comlex Level 1 Exam Solutions 2026
- *Hexagonal* stones
- *Ground, glass appearance*
- *(+) urinary cyanide nitroprusside test
- Defect in renal transport of COLA: Cysteine, Ornithine, Lysine, Arginine
- Does NOT respond to shock wave therapy - ANSWER ☑☑cysteine stone
most common cause of lower GI bleeding in pt's >60 - ANSWER ☑☑angiodysplasia
supplies the lower portion of the duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, ascending colon, and transverse
colon to the splenic flexure - ANSWER ☑☑superior mesenteric artery
,-usually arises in the *head* of the pancreas
-is associated with *jaundice and pain* due to obstruction of the common bile duct
- it is the *4th* most common cause of cancer
-has a very poor prognosis - ANSWER ☑☑pancreatic cancer
Patients with GERD normally have a dysfunction with LES sphincter tone that allows acid to reflux into
the esophagus, thus drugs that affect sphincter tone would make GERD worse. What are the name of
three drug categories that do this? - ANSWER ☑☑1. Calcium channel blockers--> specifically smooth
muscle antagonists--> SM dilation
2. Alpha adrenergic receptor blockers --> cause dilation of vessels instead of constriction
3. Beta 2 agonists: causes dilation of smooth muscle vessels
malabsorption syndrome caused by an immune reaction to gliadian protein in gluten
-Tissue transglutaminase
-results in villous atrophy of small intestine mucosa and causes steatorrhea, diarrhea, bloating and
abdominal pain
-*also associated with other autoimmune disorders like hashimotos thyroiditis* - ANSWER ☑☑celiac
disease
after a patient comes to the ER with sudden onset of pain and abdominal distention W/O peritoneal
signs and after x-ray you diagnose her with a small bowel obstruction. What do you do next? - ANSWER
☑☑make NPO, Place on an NG tube and suction obstruction out--> this will usually resolve obstruction
,In a patient with liver cirrhosis what calcium levels would you expect to see?
Would there be signs of hypocalcemia--> tetany, paresthesias, abdominal cramps? - ANSWER ☑☑Low
total calcium due to low albumin levels from cirrhosis (95% of Ca2+ is bound to albumin) and normal
ionized Ca2+ because PTH regulates free ionized Ca2+ independently--> that is why there are no signs go
hypocalcemia
where would you find a viserosomatic reflex resulting in placatory changes of the pancreas? - ANSWER
☑☑T5-T11
iron chelating agent used in the treatment of iron intoxication - ANSWER ☑☑Deferoxamine (Desferal)
when a patient presents with a flexible scoliotic curve it is important to evaluate for... - ANSWER
☑☑short leg syndrome
Infarct to what trunk of the Left MCA results in Wernicke's aphasia? - ANSWER ☑☑inferior trunk-->
encompasses broadmann areas 22,39,40 which are in the temporal region
Infarct to what trunk of the Left MCA results in Broca's aphasia? - ANSWER ☑☑Superior division-->
encompasses brooks area, frontal eye field, primary motor cortex and primary somatosensory cortex
bone tumor that is present in young adult males that involves the metaphysis of the long bones -
ANSWER ☑☑Osteosarcoma
bone tumor that is present in young adult males that involves the *diaphysis(mid-shaft)* of the long
bones. - ANSWER ☑☑Ewing's sarcoma t(11;22)
malignant fibroblasts within a collagenous matrix - ANSWER ☑☑fibrosarcoma
osseous sarcomas that affect older patients and has a predilection for flat bones in the *shoulders and
pelvis* - ANSWER ☑☑chondrosarcoma
, PKU presents as failure to thrive, mental retardation, gapped teeth, etc. What is the amino acid that
needs to be supplemented due to a defect in what enzyme? - ANSWER ☑☑tyrosine, due to a defect in
phenylalanine hydroxylase
where does the posterior scalene attach to? - ANSWER ☑☑Rib 2
used in the treatment of breast and ovarian cancer
MOA: hyper stabilization of polymerized microtubules--> prevents the breakdown of the mitotic spindle
- ANSWER ☑☑Paclitaxel
maximum distance a patient can actually move a joint, can be pathologic - ANSWER ☑☑restrictive
barrier
patterns of grandiosity, need for admiration, lack of empathy for others - ANSWER ☑☑narcissistic
personality disorder
what does a carotid massage do and how does it affect the AV node? - ANSWER ☑☑A carotid massage
causes an increase in stretch of the carotid baroreceptors which causes a reflexive PARASYM response
which slows down the conduction velocity through the AV node this slowing down Heart Rate--> used in
paroxysmal supra ventricular tachycardia
a form of leukemia characterized by the accumulation of abnormal, mature granulocytes (granulocytes
are a type of white blood cell), mild anemia, thrombocytosis and basophilia. What is the associated
chromosomal translocation? - ANSWER ☑☑Chronic myelogenous leukemia t(9;22)--> Philly chx
germinal B celll lymphoma that is associated with a translocation between c-MYC and the Ig heavy chain
on which two chromosomes? It is endemic in the continent of Africa which produces this - ANSWER
☑☑Burkitt's lymphoma t(8;14)
second most common lymphoma in the US, arises from germinal center B-cells. Presents with painless
peripheral lymphadenopathy w/ a history of lymph node enlargement . Positive for CD 10, CD 19 and CD
- *Hexagonal* stones
- *Ground, glass appearance*
- *(+) urinary cyanide nitroprusside test
- Defect in renal transport of COLA: Cysteine, Ornithine, Lysine, Arginine
- Does NOT respond to shock wave therapy - ANSWER ☑☑cysteine stone
most common cause of lower GI bleeding in pt's >60 - ANSWER ☑☑angiodysplasia
supplies the lower portion of the duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, ascending colon, and transverse
colon to the splenic flexure - ANSWER ☑☑superior mesenteric artery
,-usually arises in the *head* of the pancreas
-is associated with *jaundice and pain* due to obstruction of the common bile duct
- it is the *4th* most common cause of cancer
-has a very poor prognosis - ANSWER ☑☑pancreatic cancer
Patients with GERD normally have a dysfunction with LES sphincter tone that allows acid to reflux into
the esophagus, thus drugs that affect sphincter tone would make GERD worse. What are the name of
three drug categories that do this? - ANSWER ☑☑1. Calcium channel blockers--> specifically smooth
muscle antagonists--> SM dilation
2. Alpha adrenergic receptor blockers --> cause dilation of vessels instead of constriction
3. Beta 2 agonists: causes dilation of smooth muscle vessels
malabsorption syndrome caused by an immune reaction to gliadian protein in gluten
-Tissue transglutaminase
-results in villous atrophy of small intestine mucosa and causes steatorrhea, diarrhea, bloating and
abdominal pain
-*also associated with other autoimmune disorders like hashimotos thyroiditis* - ANSWER ☑☑celiac
disease
after a patient comes to the ER with sudden onset of pain and abdominal distention W/O peritoneal
signs and after x-ray you diagnose her with a small bowel obstruction. What do you do next? - ANSWER
☑☑make NPO, Place on an NG tube and suction obstruction out--> this will usually resolve obstruction
,In a patient with liver cirrhosis what calcium levels would you expect to see?
Would there be signs of hypocalcemia--> tetany, paresthesias, abdominal cramps? - ANSWER ☑☑Low
total calcium due to low albumin levels from cirrhosis (95% of Ca2+ is bound to albumin) and normal
ionized Ca2+ because PTH regulates free ionized Ca2+ independently--> that is why there are no signs go
hypocalcemia
where would you find a viserosomatic reflex resulting in placatory changes of the pancreas? - ANSWER
☑☑T5-T11
iron chelating agent used in the treatment of iron intoxication - ANSWER ☑☑Deferoxamine (Desferal)
when a patient presents with a flexible scoliotic curve it is important to evaluate for... - ANSWER
☑☑short leg syndrome
Infarct to what trunk of the Left MCA results in Wernicke's aphasia? - ANSWER ☑☑inferior trunk-->
encompasses broadmann areas 22,39,40 which are in the temporal region
Infarct to what trunk of the Left MCA results in Broca's aphasia? - ANSWER ☑☑Superior division-->
encompasses brooks area, frontal eye field, primary motor cortex and primary somatosensory cortex
bone tumor that is present in young adult males that involves the metaphysis of the long bones -
ANSWER ☑☑Osteosarcoma
bone tumor that is present in young adult males that involves the *diaphysis(mid-shaft)* of the long
bones. - ANSWER ☑☑Ewing's sarcoma t(11;22)
malignant fibroblasts within a collagenous matrix - ANSWER ☑☑fibrosarcoma
osseous sarcomas that affect older patients and has a predilection for flat bones in the *shoulders and
pelvis* - ANSWER ☑☑chondrosarcoma
, PKU presents as failure to thrive, mental retardation, gapped teeth, etc. What is the amino acid that
needs to be supplemented due to a defect in what enzyme? - ANSWER ☑☑tyrosine, due to a defect in
phenylalanine hydroxylase
where does the posterior scalene attach to? - ANSWER ☑☑Rib 2
used in the treatment of breast and ovarian cancer
MOA: hyper stabilization of polymerized microtubules--> prevents the breakdown of the mitotic spindle
- ANSWER ☑☑Paclitaxel
maximum distance a patient can actually move a joint, can be pathologic - ANSWER ☑☑restrictive
barrier
patterns of grandiosity, need for admiration, lack of empathy for others - ANSWER ☑☑narcissistic
personality disorder
what does a carotid massage do and how does it affect the AV node? - ANSWER ☑☑A carotid massage
causes an increase in stretch of the carotid baroreceptors which causes a reflexive PARASYM response
which slows down the conduction velocity through the AV node this slowing down Heart Rate--> used in
paroxysmal supra ventricular tachycardia
a form of leukemia characterized by the accumulation of abnormal, mature granulocytes (granulocytes
are a type of white blood cell), mild anemia, thrombocytosis and basophilia. What is the associated
chromosomal translocation? - ANSWER ☑☑Chronic myelogenous leukemia t(9;22)--> Philly chx
germinal B celll lymphoma that is associated with a translocation between c-MYC and the Ig heavy chain
on which two chromosomes? It is endemic in the continent of Africa which produces this - ANSWER
☑☑Burkitt's lymphoma t(8;14)
second most common lymphoma in the US, arises from germinal center B-cells. Presents with painless
peripheral lymphadenopathy w/ a history of lymph node enlargement . Positive for CD 10, CD 19 and CD
