ADVANCED PHARMACOLOGY 6521 MID TERM EXAM
QUESTIONS & UPDATED CORRECT ANSWERS ALL
PASSED 100%
1. Anti-diarrheas Stops further occurrence of diarrhea. Notable medicines are Loperamide
"Im-
modium", Diphenoxylate Hcl with Atropine "Lomotil", Bismuth
subsalicylate "Pep- to bismul"
Pepto s/e: black stools and tongue
2. Laxatives Used to ease or stimulate defecation
Soften the stool
Increase stool
volume
Hasten fecal passage through the intestine
Facilitate evacuation from the rectum
*Misuse comes from misconceptions of what constitutes normal bowel
function
3. Fiber Laxatives absorbs water, softening feces and increasing their mass. Can be digested
by
colonic bacteria, whose subsequent growth increases fecal mass. ex.
Bran, veg- gies and fruits.
Meds: mehylcellulose, psyllium, polycarbophil
4. Surfactant
Laxa- tives
6. Osmotic Laxa- tives
5. Stimulant
Laxa- tives
,ADVANCED PHARMACOLOGY 6521 MID TERM EXAM
QUESTIONS & UPDATED CORRECT ANSWERS ALL
PASSED 100%
M Docusate calcium (Surfak)
e temporary treatment of
d constipation
s *avoid if narrowing of intestines
: Give with a full glass of water or
juice
D
o bisacodyl: (tablets: give at night to have BM in am , no crushing or
c chewing, no milk or antacids; Suppositories: BM within 15-60 min, may
u cause proctitis); senna: BM 6-12 hours after. May cause pink or brown
s urine.
a castor oil: acts on small intestine 2-6 hour BM. Limit to only when prep
t for radiology procedures. Chill and mix in juice.
e *easily abused,
Give with a full glass of water.
s
Salts draw water into the intestine causing fecal mass to soften and swell
o
stimu- lating peristalsis. Low dose 6-12 hours, high dose 2-6 hours.
d
i
u
m
(
C
o
l
a
c
e
)
,ADVANCED PHARMACOLOGY 6521 MID TERM EXAM
QUESTIONS & UPDATED CORRECT ANSWERS ALL
PASSED 100%
magnesium hydroxide,
magnesium citrate,
polyethylene glycol,
lactulose (can be used to lower blood ammonia in liver disease)
* Increase fluid intake. Not good for kidney disease. Sodium phosphate
exacer- bates cardiac disease.
7. Miscellaneo Lubiprostone, mineral oil, glycerin suppository, polyethylene glycol-
us Laxatives electrolyte solution, Sodium picosulfate / magnesium
oxide/anhydrous citric acid
8. antiemetic a medication that is administered to prevent or relieve nausea and vomiting
9. Ondesetron Zofran
Class: 5HT3 Indication: Chemotherapy N/V, postoperative N/V, radiation induced
re- ceptor N/V Oral or Parental
antago- nist *Prolonges QT interval (leading to torsades de pointes)
10. Glucocorticoi Not approved by FDA. Solumedrol and dexamethasone. Given IV.
ds used as
antiemetic
11. Metocloprami controls post-op NV
de (Reglan) suppresses emesis and increases upper GI mobility
12. Cannabinoids Dronabinol (marinol) and Nabilone (cesamet). Suppresses CINV.
13. Alosetron Used for IBS-D in women that has lasted > 6 months
(Lotronex) Blocks 5-HT3 receptors resulting in firm stool and decrease in urgency
and frequency of defecation
Can cause constipation
,ADVANCED PHARMACOLOGY 6521 MID TERM EXAM
QUESTIONS & UPDATED CORRECT ANSWERS ALL
PASSED 100%
14. PPIs Proton-pump inhibitors - pronounced and long-lasting reduction of
gastric acid production - destroyed by stomach acid (take on empty
stomach) - work really
QUESTIONS & UPDATED CORRECT ANSWERS ALL
PASSED 100%
1. Anti-diarrheas Stops further occurrence of diarrhea. Notable medicines are Loperamide
"Im-
modium", Diphenoxylate Hcl with Atropine "Lomotil", Bismuth
subsalicylate "Pep- to bismul"
Pepto s/e: black stools and tongue
2. Laxatives Used to ease or stimulate defecation
Soften the stool
Increase stool
volume
Hasten fecal passage through the intestine
Facilitate evacuation from the rectum
*Misuse comes from misconceptions of what constitutes normal bowel
function
3. Fiber Laxatives absorbs water, softening feces and increasing their mass. Can be digested
by
colonic bacteria, whose subsequent growth increases fecal mass. ex.
Bran, veg- gies and fruits.
Meds: mehylcellulose, psyllium, polycarbophil
4. Surfactant
Laxa- tives
6. Osmotic Laxa- tives
5. Stimulant
Laxa- tives
,ADVANCED PHARMACOLOGY 6521 MID TERM EXAM
QUESTIONS & UPDATED CORRECT ANSWERS ALL
PASSED 100%
M Docusate calcium (Surfak)
e temporary treatment of
d constipation
s *avoid if narrowing of intestines
: Give with a full glass of water or
juice
D
o bisacodyl: (tablets: give at night to have BM in am , no crushing or
c chewing, no milk or antacids; Suppositories: BM within 15-60 min, may
u cause proctitis); senna: BM 6-12 hours after. May cause pink or brown
s urine.
a castor oil: acts on small intestine 2-6 hour BM. Limit to only when prep
t for radiology procedures. Chill and mix in juice.
e *easily abused,
Give with a full glass of water.
s
Salts draw water into the intestine causing fecal mass to soften and swell
o
stimu- lating peristalsis. Low dose 6-12 hours, high dose 2-6 hours.
d
i
u
m
(
C
o
l
a
c
e
)
,ADVANCED PHARMACOLOGY 6521 MID TERM EXAM
QUESTIONS & UPDATED CORRECT ANSWERS ALL
PASSED 100%
magnesium hydroxide,
magnesium citrate,
polyethylene glycol,
lactulose (can be used to lower blood ammonia in liver disease)
* Increase fluid intake. Not good for kidney disease. Sodium phosphate
exacer- bates cardiac disease.
7. Miscellaneo Lubiprostone, mineral oil, glycerin suppository, polyethylene glycol-
us Laxatives electrolyte solution, Sodium picosulfate / magnesium
oxide/anhydrous citric acid
8. antiemetic a medication that is administered to prevent or relieve nausea and vomiting
9. Ondesetron Zofran
Class: 5HT3 Indication: Chemotherapy N/V, postoperative N/V, radiation induced
re- ceptor N/V Oral or Parental
antago- nist *Prolonges QT interval (leading to torsades de pointes)
10. Glucocorticoi Not approved by FDA. Solumedrol and dexamethasone. Given IV.
ds used as
antiemetic
11. Metocloprami controls post-op NV
de (Reglan) suppresses emesis and increases upper GI mobility
12. Cannabinoids Dronabinol (marinol) and Nabilone (cesamet). Suppresses CINV.
13. Alosetron Used for IBS-D in women that has lasted > 6 months
(Lotronex) Blocks 5-HT3 receptors resulting in firm stool and decrease in urgency
and frequency of defecation
Can cause constipation
,ADVANCED PHARMACOLOGY 6521 MID TERM EXAM
QUESTIONS & UPDATED CORRECT ANSWERS ALL
PASSED 100%
14. PPIs Proton-pump inhibitors - pronounced and long-lasting reduction of
gastric acid production - destroyed by stomach acid (take on empty
stomach) - work really
