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LS 15 PHELAN UCLA FINAL EXAM LATEST 2026 ACTUAL EXAM WITH
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS (100%
VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+| ||PROFESSOR
VERIFIED|| ||BRANDNEW!!!||
what conditions are conducive to reciprocal altruism - ANSWER-
1. repeated interactions
2. high benefit to recipient relative to the cost to the actor
3. ability to keep tabs on people (and to punish cheaters)
what is a big impediment to kindness (from a biological
perspective) - ANSWER-freeloaders; you are very vulnerable
(from a fitness perspective) when you do something kind for
someone else. A cheater can take the favor and run -> market
share of cheater's genes increases and market share of altruist's
genes decreases.
effective altruists can remember cheaters
what are some design features we'd expect to see in the human
brain? what skills should we be good at? - ANSWER-1. good at
recognizing faces
2. good at keeping track of cheaters
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3. voracious consumers of information
why are our brains so good at keeping track of social information?
- ANSWER-our brains were built for a world in which we
encountered only a small number of people and may have
needed to remember all of them/use all of them later.
what makes reciprocal altruism possible - ANSWER-humans
recognize faces, keep track of kindness/selfishness, and live for a
long time
in what ways can you enhance cooperation - ANSWER-tinker with
the perceived costs and benefits:
1. reduce the perceived cost to the other person
2. accentuate the benefit that you'll receive from the cooperation
3. facilitate the building of reputations
4. use honest signals that can't be fakes
5. keep track of and punish cheaters
6. make the first step; gifts (reduce the perceived vulnerability of
partner)
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bees and ants example (altruism) - ANSWER-haploid (dad) and
diploid (mom); get all of father's genes/only half of mother's genes
mom-> daughter r = .5
female -> sister r= .75
naked mole rat example (altruism) - ANSWER-queen and non-
reproductive workers
so much incest over hundreds of generations that r=1
what happens when r is really large - ANSWER-cooperation
becomes extreme
fetus and mother example (cooperation) - ANSWER-fetus pumps
out hormone (hPL) that dilates mother's blood vessels which
gives the fetus more food. the mother increases insulin production
which removes food from the bloodstream. gestational diabetes
occurs if mother can't mount sufficient response to the fetus's
manipulation
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give an example of how reciprocal altruism can reduce conflict -
ANSWER-truces in WWI
punishment for violation is necessary
ultimatum game - ANSWER-1. see people make very generous
offers
2. some people turn down free money
how do our emotional responses play into reciprocal altruism -
ANSWER-our emotional responses such as justice and gratitude
reflect reciprocal calculation and ensure fair play
maladaptive behavior - ANSWER-due to mismatch: instincts lead
us to follow "rules of thumb", but in today's novel environment, it
leads to a maladaptive outcome
what are the uses of DNA fingerprinting - ANSWER-solve
unsolvable crimes
resolve paternity issues
LS 15 PHELAN UCLA FINAL EXAM LATEST 2026 ACTUAL EXAM WITH
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS (100%
VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+| ||PROFESSOR
VERIFIED|| ||BRANDNEW!!!||
what conditions are conducive to reciprocal altruism - ANSWER-
1. repeated interactions
2. high benefit to recipient relative to the cost to the actor
3. ability to keep tabs on people (and to punish cheaters)
what is a big impediment to kindness (from a biological
perspective) - ANSWER-freeloaders; you are very vulnerable
(from a fitness perspective) when you do something kind for
someone else. A cheater can take the favor and run -> market
share of cheater's genes increases and market share of altruist's
genes decreases.
effective altruists can remember cheaters
what are some design features we'd expect to see in the human
brain? what skills should we be good at? - ANSWER-1. good at
recognizing faces
2. good at keeping track of cheaters
,2|Page
3. voracious consumers of information
why are our brains so good at keeping track of social information?
- ANSWER-our brains were built for a world in which we
encountered only a small number of people and may have
needed to remember all of them/use all of them later.
what makes reciprocal altruism possible - ANSWER-humans
recognize faces, keep track of kindness/selfishness, and live for a
long time
in what ways can you enhance cooperation - ANSWER-tinker with
the perceived costs and benefits:
1. reduce the perceived cost to the other person
2. accentuate the benefit that you'll receive from the cooperation
3. facilitate the building of reputations
4. use honest signals that can't be fakes
5. keep track of and punish cheaters
6. make the first step; gifts (reduce the perceived vulnerability of
partner)
,3|Page
bees and ants example (altruism) - ANSWER-haploid (dad) and
diploid (mom); get all of father's genes/only half of mother's genes
mom-> daughter r = .5
female -> sister r= .75
naked mole rat example (altruism) - ANSWER-queen and non-
reproductive workers
so much incest over hundreds of generations that r=1
what happens when r is really large - ANSWER-cooperation
becomes extreme
fetus and mother example (cooperation) - ANSWER-fetus pumps
out hormone (hPL) that dilates mother's blood vessels which
gives the fetus more food. the mother increases insulin production
which removes food from the bloodstream. gestational diabetes
occurs if mother can't mount sufficient response to the fetus's
manipulation
, 4|Page
give an example of how reciprocal altruism can reduce conflict -
ANSWER-truces in WWI
punishment for violation is necessary
ultimatum game - ANSWER-1. see people make very generous
offers
2. some people turn down free money
how do our emotional responses play into reciprocal altruism -
ANSWER-our emotional responses such as justice and gratitude
reflect reciprocal calculation and ensure fair play
maladaptive behavior - ANSWER-due to mismatch: instincts lead
us to follow "rules of thumb", but in today's novel environment, it
leads to a maladaptive outcome
what are the uses of DNA fingerprinting - ANSWER-solve
unsolvable crimes
resolve paternity issues
