CJE 4114 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS GRADED A+ 2025/2026
__% of violent crime reported, __% of property crimes reported - ANS 40;30
__% of violent crimes fall into the Dark figure of crime - ANS 60
clearance rate calculation equation - ANS number of crimes cleared/number of crimes
reported x 100
People are more likely to voluntarily obey the law and cooperate with the police if they view
them as - ANS legitimate authorities
public perceptions of police are shaped by... - ANS cumulative experiences
during the community policing era (1980s to present), there was - ANS increasing pressure to
address the shortcomings of the reform era
Importance of police-community relationships over time - ANS They weren't a top priority
throughout the political and reform era but have subsequently become a top priority
legitimacy crisis definition - ANS An event or series of events that undermines public trust
and confidence in the police
1 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
,what best describes the key dissemination mechanisms for legitimacy crises in the past decade?
- ANS Traditional and social media provide widespread coverage of legitimacy crises for
members of the public and policy makers
Immediate cause of Ferguson riots - ANS Michael brown being shot by Darren Wilson
Task Force on 21st Century Policing was created in ___ and convened by ___ - ANS 2015;
Obama
the Task Force on 21st Century Policing was tasked with... - ANS developing policy
recommendations for police reform, following the Michael Brown incident
who composed the Task Force on 21st Century Policing? - ANS Local, state, federal law
enforcement officials, academics, civil rights ladders, community representatives
structure of the Task Force on 21st Century Policing - ANS Guidelines but no actual reforms
but rather recommendations for reform; 59 recommendations
pillar one - ANS building trust and legitimacy
pillar two - ANS policy and oversight
pillar three - ANS social media and technology
pillar four - ANS community policing and crime reduction
pillar five - ANS training and education
pillar six - ANS Officer Wellness & Safety
2 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
, two mechanisms of compliance - ANS police threat of sanctions or force and voluntary
compliance
prevalence of voluntary compliance - ANS generally high, only 20% of people resist arrest
assumption of instrumental model of policing - ANS People only obey the law because they
are afraid of the sanctions that come with violating the law
role of police in instrumental model of policing - ANS Police create a credible risk for
apprehension and punishment
mechanisms of the instrumental model of policing - ANS Deterrence theory: severity,
swiftness, certainty
which aspect of deterrence theory is most important - ANS certainty
voluntary compliance is critical for maintaining social order because (two things) - ANS police
resources are limited and overcoming non-compliance is resource-intensive
in the instrumental model of policing, the public comply with the law out of - ANS fear of
punishment
two limitations of the instrumental model of policing - ANS The perception of sanctions has
only a small effect in compliance; Compliance dependent on police effectiveness
general definition of legitimacy - ANS the belief that police are entitled to expect obedience
and cooperation from the public
Tyler's definition of legitimacy - ANS a value internalized by individuals
3 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
ANSWERS GRADED A+ 2025/2026
__% of violent crime reported, __% of property crimes reported - ANS 40;30
__% of violent crimes fall into the Dark figure of crime - ANS 60
clearance rate calculation equation - ANS number of crimes cleared/number of crimes
reported x 100
People are more likely to voluntarily obey the law and cooperate with the police if they view
them as - ANS legitimate authorities
public perceptions of police are shaped by... - ANS cumulative experiences
during the community policing era (1980s to present), there was - ANS increasing pressure to
address the shortcomings of the reform era
Importance of police-community relationships over time - ANS They weren't a top priority
throughout the political and reform era but have subsequently become a top priority
legitimacy crisis definition - ANS An event or series of events that undermines public trust
and confidence in the police
1 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
,what best describes the key dissemination mechanisms for legitimacy crises in the past decade?
- ANS Traditional and social media provide widespread coverage of legitimacy crises for
members of the public and policy makers
Immediate cause of Ferguson riots - ANS Michael brown being shot by Darren Wilson
Task Force on 21st Century Policing was created in ___ and convened by ___ - ANS 2015;
Obama
the Task Force on 21st Century Policing was tasked with... - ANS developing policy
recommendations for police reform, following the Michael Brown incident
who composed the Task Force on 21st Century Policing? - ANS Local, state, federal law
enforcement officials, academics, civil rights ladders, community representatives
structure of the Task Force on 21st Century Policing - ANS Guidelines but no actual reforms
but rather recommendations for reform; 59 recommendations
pillar one - ANS building trust and legitimacy
pillar two - ANS policy and oversight
pillar three - ANS social media and technology
pillar four - ANS community policing and crime reduction
pillar five - ANS training and education
pillar six - ANS Officer Wellness & Safety
2 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
, two mechanisms of compliance - ANS police threat of sanctions or force and voluntary
compliance
prevalence of voluntary compliance - ANS generally high, only 20% of people resist arrest
assumption of instrumental model of policing - ANS People only obey the law because they
are afraid of the sanctions that come with violating the law
role of police in instrumental model of policing - ANS Police create a credible risk for
apprehension and punishment
mechanisms of the instrumental model of policing - ANS Deterrence theory: severity,
swiftness, certainty
which aspect of deterrence theory is most important - ANS certainty
voluntary compliance is critical for maintaining social order because (two things) - ANS police
resources are limited and overcoming non-compliance is resource-intensive
in the instrumental model of policing, the public comply with the law out of - ANS fear of
punishment
two limitations of the instrumental model of policing - ANS The perception of sanctions has
only a small effect in compliance; Compliance dependent on police effectiveness
general definition of legitimacy - ANS the belief that police are entitled to expect obedience
and cooperation from the public
Tyler's definition of legitimacy - ANS a value internalized by individuals
3 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
