KNES 213 MIDTERM 2026 FINAL PAPER SOLVED
ITEMS ACCURATE MARKING
◉ Informed consent. Answer: Clear and comprehensive info about
the study is provided
Written documentation is obtained
◉ The 3 Rs of animal ethics. Answer: Replacement
Reduction
Refinement
◉ Replacement - animal ethics. Answer: Use non-animal alternatives
wherever possible
◉ Reduction - Animal ethics. Answer: Use minimum number of
animals required
◉ Refinement - animal ethics. Answer: minimize pain and distress
and enhance welfare of animals
◉ A good research question is. Answer: Specific and clearly defined
, ◉ Hypothesis. Answer: a FALSIFIABLE statement that describes a
phenomenon
◉ Null hypothesis. Answer: states there's no significant effect or
relationship between variables
◉ Alternate hypothesis. Answer: states there is a significant effect or
relationship between variables
◉ Type 1 error. Answer: rejecting a true null hypothesis (false
positive)
◉ Type 2 error. Answer: Failing to reject a false null hypothesis
(false negative)
◉ P-Value. Answer: the probability of observing the results obtained
if the null hypothesis were true
◉ Independant variable. Answer: manipulated by researcher
◉ Dependant variable. Answer: measured variable
◉ Operational definition. Answer: Defining a variable in specific
measurable terms
ITEMS ACCURATE MARKING
◉ Informed consent. Answer: Clear and comprehensive info about
the study is provided
Written documentation is obtained
◉ The 3 Rs of animal ethics. Answer: Replacement
Reduction
Refinement
◉ Replacement - animal ethics. Answer: Use non-animal alternatives
wherever possible
◉ Reduction - Animal ethics. Answer: Use minimum number of
animals required
◉ Refinement - animal ethics. Answer: minimize pain and distress
and enhance welfare of animals
◉ A good research question is. Answer: Specific and clearly defined
, ◉ Hypothesis. Answer: a FALSIFIABLE statement that describes a
phenomenon
◉ Null hypothesis. Answer: states there's no significant effect or
relationship between variables
◉ Alternate hypothesis. Answer: states there is a significant effect or
relationship between variables
◉ Type 1 error. Answer: rejecting a true null hypothesis (false
positive)
◉ Type 2 error. Answer: Failing to reject a false null hypothesis
(false negative)
◉ P-Value. Answer: the probability of observing the results obtained
if the null hypothesis were true
◉ Independant variable. Answer: manipulated by researcher
◉ Dependant variable. Answer: measured variable
◉ Operational definition. Answer: Defining a variable in specific
measurable terms
