KNES 213 MIDTERM 2026 PREMIUM REVIEW
QUESTIONS CORRECT RESPONSES
◉ Deductive Reasoning. Answer: Drawing specific conclusions from
general principles or premises
KEY FEATURES:
- Starts with general principles or premises
- Conclusions are logically derived from the premises
- Guarantees a true conclusion if the premises are true
◉ Inductive Reasoning. Answer: Drawing general conclusions from
specific observations or experiences.
KEY FEATURES:
- Starts with specific observations or experiences
- Generalizes or predictions based on limited information
- Provides strong evidence for a conclusion but does not guarantee
the truth of the conclusion, even if the premises are true
◉ Abductive Reasoning. Answer: Forming hypothesis based on
limited evidence, deemed the most likely or plausible explanation
given the available information.
KEY FEATURES:
,- Also known as inference to the best explanation
- Involves generating hypotheses based on available evidence
- Does not guarantee the truth of the conclusion or explanation
◉ Epistemology. Answer: Study of knowledge and belief
- Concerned with the nature, forces, and limits of knowledge
- Explores how knowledge is acquired and justified
- Investigates the distinction between knowledge and belief, as well
as between true and false beliefs
◉ Ontology. Answer: Study of existence and nature of reality
- Concerned with the nature of being and what exists in the world
- Explores the classification and organization of entities, such as
objects, events, or processes
- Investigates the relationships between different entities and their
properties
◉ Positivism. Answer: Emphasis on empirical evidence and
scientific methods
- Pursuit of objective truths through systematic observation,
measurement, and experimentation
,◉ Interpretivism. Answer: Focus on subjective experiences and
cultural contexts
- Understanding meaning and significance through social
interactions in shaping understandings
◉ Constructivism. Answer: Knowledge actively constructed by
individuals
- Role of personal interpretations, cognitive process, and social
interactions in shaping understanding of reality
◉ Pragmatism. Answer: Prioritizes practical implications and
usefulness of ideas and theories
- Focus on addressing specific problems or challenged rather than
abstract principles and metaphysical truths
◉ Two-Eyed Seeing in Research. Answer: Integrating Indigenous and
Western knowledge systems
- Promoting respect, balance, and understanding between different
perspectives
◉ Qualitative Research. Answer: Focuses on understanding and
interpretation (understanding experiences and perception)
Research Designs: case study, grounded theory, ethnography,
phenomenology
, Common Data Collection: focus groups, in-depth interviews,
observations
◉ Quantitative Research. Answer: Focuses on investigating
relationships between variables
- Measurement and analysis, uses numerical data and statistical
analysis
- Independant and dependant variables
Research Designs: experimental, correlational
Common Data Collection: servers, physiological measurements
◉ Mixed Methods Research. Answer: Combines quantitative and
qualitative research methods
- More comprehensive understanding of a research problem
Research Designs: concurrent, explanatory, exploratory
◉ Two-Eyed Seeing Research. Answer: Integrates Indigenous and
Western knowledge systems
- Respectful collaboration with Indigenous knowledge holders
Research Designs: incorporates both western and indigenous
methodologies
- Emphasis on cultural preservation and environmental
sustainability
QUESTIONS CORRECT RESPONSES
◉ Deductive Reasoning. Answer: Drawing specific conclusions from
general principles or premises
KEY FEATURES:
- Starts with general principles or premises
- Conclusions are logically derived from the premises
- Guarantees a true conclusion if the premises are true
◉ Inductive Reasoning. Answer: Drawing general conclusions from
specific observations or experiences.
KEY FEATURES:
- Starts with specific observations or experiences
- Generalizes or predictions based on limited information
- Provides strong evidence for a conclusion but does not guarantee
the truth of the conclusion, even if the premises are true
◉ Abductive Reasoning. Answer: Forming hypothesis based on
limited evidence, deemed the most likely or plausible explanation
given the available information.
KEY FEATURES:
,- Also known as inference to the best explanation
- Involves generating hypotheses based on available evidence
- Does not guarantee the truth of the conclusion or explanation
◉ Epistemology. Answer: Study of knowledge and belief
- Concerned with the nature, forces, and limits of knowledge
- Explores how knowledge is acquired and justified
- Investigates the distinction between knowledge and belief, as well
as between true and false beliefs
◉ Ontology. Answer: Study of existence and nature of reality
- Concerned with the nature of being and what exists in the world
- Explores the classification and organization of entities, such as
objects, events, or processes
- Investigates the relationships between different entities and their
properties
◉ Positivism. Answer: Emphasis on empirical evidence and
scientific methods
- Pursuit of objective truths through systematic observation,
measurement, and experimentation
,◉ Interpretivism. Answer: Focus on subjective experiences and
cultural contexts
- Understanding meaning and significance through social
interactions in shaping understandings
◉ Constructivism. Answer: Knowledge actively constructed by
individuals
- Role of personal interpretations, cognitive process, and social
interactions in shaping understanding of reality
◉ Pragmatism. Answer: Prioritizes practical implications and
usefulness of ideas and theories
- Focus on addressing specific problems or challenged rather than
abstract principles and metaphysical truths
◉ Two-Eyed Seeing in Research. Answer: Integrating Indigenous and
Western knowledge systems
- Promoting respect, balance, and understanding between different
perspectives
◉ Qualitative Research. Answer: Focuses on understanding and
interpretation (understanding experiences and perception)
Research Designs: case study, grounded theory, ethnography,
phenomenology
, Common Data Collection: focus groups, in-depth interviews,
observations
◉ Quantitative Research. Answer: Focuses on investigating
relationships between variables
- Measurement and analysis, uses numerical data and statistical
analysis
- Independant and dependant variables
Research Designs: experimental, correlational
Common Data Collection: servers, physiological measurements
◉ Mixed Methods Research. Answer: Combines quantitative and
qualitative research methods
- More comprehensive understanding of a research problem
Research Designs: concurrent, explanatory, exploratory
◉ Two-Eyed Seeing Research. Answer: Integrates Indigenous and
Western knowledge systems
- Respectful collaboration with Indigenous knowledge holders
Research Designs: incorporates both western and indigenous
methodologies
- Emphasis on cultural preservation and environmental
sustainability
