MUSCLE AND NERVOUS SYSTEM STUDY GUIDE FOR EXAM 3 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS GRADED A+ 2025/2026

MUSCLE AND NERVOUS SYSTEM
STUDY GUIDE FOR EXAM 3 QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS GRADED A+ 2025/2026




Skeletal Muscle - ANS Shape: cylinder, Nuclei: multinuclei, Striations: yes, Control: voluntary


Cardiac Muscle - ANS Shape: branched, Nuclei: everywhere, Striations: yes, Control:
involuntary


Smooth Muscle - ANS Shape: spindly, Nuclei: center, Striations: No, Control: involuntary


Excitability - ANS Ability to receive and respond to stimuli


Contractility - ANS Ability to shorten forcibly when stimulated


Extensibility - ANS Ability to be stretched


Elasticity - ANS Ability to recoil to resting length


Functions of Muscles - ANS Movement, Posture, Stabilizing Joints, Heat


Epimysium - ANS Outside of entire muscle (dense Irregular CT)


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, Perimysium - ANS Wraps around a fascicle (fibrous CT)


Endomysium - ANS Between individual muscle fibers (Areolar CT)


Muscle Organization - ANS Muscle, Fascicle, Myofibers (Muscle cells), Myofibrils, Sarcomeres,
Myofilaments


Sarcolemma - ANS The plasma membrane of muscle cells


Sarcoplasm - ANS Cytoplasm of muscle cells


Myofibrils - ANS Densely packed rod-like structures inside the myofibers


Sarcoplasmic Reticulum - ANS Stores calcium ions (Ca+)


T Tubules - ANS Extensions of the sarcolemma that penetrate into the muscle cell


Glycosomes - ANS Storage for glycogen


Myoglobin - ANS Oxygen storage in muscle cells


Sarcomere - ANS Z-disc to Z-disc is one sarcomere


Action Potential (AP) - ANS Must reach threshold of -55 mV before it can occur


Depolarization - ANS Na+ channels open, making the inside of the cell more positive



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