BASIC & CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY,
KATZUNG; CHAPTER 1-4 EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS GRADED A+
2025/2026
Pharmacology - ANS study of f the history, source, physical and chemical properties,
compounding, biochemical and physiological effect, mechanisms of action, absorption,
distribution, biotransformation and excretion, and therapeutic and other uses of drugs
Drug - ANS any chemical agent that when taken into a living organism may modify one or
more of its functions
Toxicology - ANS study of poisonous substances and their effects upon body parts
Pharmacokinetics - ANS where drugs go, how long they stay, what chemical changes occur,
how they are removed; effect of body on a drug
Absorption - ANS the movement of a drug from the site of administration to bloodstream;
intake of a drug into the system
Distribution - ANS the transfer of a drug from one location to another within the body; where
the drug goes following absorption
1 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
, Elimination - ANS the removal of materials from the body; removal of a drug
Pharmacodynamics - ANS what the drug does to the body; mechanism of action
systemic effects - ANS generalized distribution of the chemical throughout the body by the
bloodstream to internal organs
Effect - ANS the change in the organism caused by the chemical
Law of Mass Action - ANS the rate of a chemical reaction is proportional to the product of the
activities or concentrations of the reactants
Response - ANS is a function of the drug-receptor complex
ED50 - ANS median effective dose; therapeutic effect; the dose required to achieve 50% of
desired response in 50% of the population
TD50 - ANS median toxic dose; toxic effect; the dose required to get 50% of population
reporting this specific toxic effect
LD50 - ANS median lethal dose; lethal effect; dose required to achieve 50% mortality from
toxicity
EC50 - ANS half maximum effective concentration; concentration of a drug at which 50% of
its maximum response is observed
LC50 - ANS half lethal concentration; concentration of a drug at which 50% mortality
Quantal dose response curve - ANS A graph of the fraction of a population that shows a
specified response at progressively increasing doses
2 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
KATZUNG; CHAPTER 1-4 EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS GRADED A+
2025/2026
Pharmacology - ANS study of f the history, source, physical and chemical properties,
compounding, biochemical and physiological effect, mechanisms of action, absorption,
distribution, biotransformation and excretion, and therapeutic and other uses of drugs
Drug - ANS any chemical agent that when taken into a living organism may modify one or
more of its functions
Toxicology - ANS study of poisonous substances and their effects upon body parts
Pharmacokinetics - ANS where drugs go, how long they stay, what chemical changes occur,
how they are removed; effect of body on a drug
Absorption - ANS the movement of a drug from the site of administration to bloodstream;
intake of a drug into the system
Distribution - ANS the transfer of a drug from one location to another within the body; where
the drug goes following absorption
1 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
, Elimination - ANS the removal of materials from the body; removal of a drug
Pharmacodynamics - ANS what the drug does to the body; mechanism of action
systemic effects - ANS generalized distribution of the chemical throughout the body by the
bloodstream to internal organs
Effect - ANS the change in the organism caused by the chemical
Law of Mass Action - ANS the rate of a chemical reaction is proportional to the product of the
activities or concentrations of the reactants
Response - ANS is a function of the drug-receptor complex
ED50 - ANS median effective dose; therapeutic effect; the dose required to achieve 50% of
desired response in 50% of the population
TD50 - ANS median toxic dose; toxic effect; the dose required to get 50% of population
reporting this specific toxic effect
LD50 - ANS median lethal dose; lethal effect; dose required to achieve 50% mortality from
toxicity
EC50 - ANS half maximum effective concentration; concentration of a drug at which 50% of
its maximum response is observed
LC50 - ANS half lethal concentration; concentration of a drug at which 50% mortality
Quantal dose response curve - ANS A graph of the fraction of a population that shows a
specified response at progressively increasing doses
2 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
