NSG 531 ADVANCED PHARMACOLOGY
EXAM 4 CERTIFICATION TEST SCRIPT 2026
FULL QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS
GRADED A+
⩥ what are the functions of prostaglandins? Answer:
bronchoconstriction
vasodilation
inflammatory cell activation
fever
cytoprotective: modulates gastric acid secretion, mucus, and blood flow
⩥ prostacyclin (PGI2) functions? Answer: primary prostaglandin of
vascular endothelium
vasodilation
inhibition of platelet aggregation
⩥ thromboxane functions? Answer: primary eicosanoid of platelets
vasoconstriction
induces platelet aggregation
,⩥ which is weaker TXA2 or TXA3? Answer: TXA3 is weaker than
TXA2
TXA3 has weaker vasoconstriction and platelet aggregation than TXA2
⩥ describe the balance between prostacyclin and thromboxane Answer:
the local balance between prostacyclin and thromboxane is critical in
regulating systemic BP and thrombogenesis
opposing effects between these two
both produce these responses after cox acts on arachidonic acid
prostacyclin - vasodilates, inhibits platelet aggregation
thromboxane - vasoconstricts, promotes platelet aggregation
you don't want one to over power - just the right amount of all to keep
you functioning throughout the day
⩥ Why should we eat fish? Answer: we will then have a greater
concentration in omega 3 fatty acid tails than omega 6
with omega 6 you produce TXA2 (weaker) and PGI2 (more
inflammatory)
decreased vasodilation and increased platelet aggregation and increased
inflammation
with omega 3 you produce TXA3 (stronger) and PGI3 (less
inflammatory)
, increased vasodilation, decreased platelet aggregation, decreased
inflammation
⩥ True or False
TXA3 has weaker vasoconstrictive and platelet aggregation effects than
TXA2 and flips prostacyclin/TXA balance in favor of prostacyclin
Answer: true
⩥ what does the LOX pathway do Answer: converts arachidonic acid
into leukotrienes
LOX are in myeloid cells which are non lymphocyte WBC (monocytes,
macrophages, basohils, mast cells, neutrophils)
not T and B cells
⩥ Leukotriene functions Answer: binds to GPCRs expressed on surface
of WBCs, spleen, thymus, and induce pro-inflammatory effects
chemotaxis and aggregation of neutrophils
increased phagocytosis
increased cytokine production and NK activity
vasoconstriction, bronchoconstriction, increased vascular permeability
leukotrienes circulate, there are a lot of receptors on WBC, but also on
other tissues like the lungs and vascular tissues
EXAM 4 CERTIFICATION TEST SCRIPT 2026
FULL QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS
GRADED A+
⩥ what are the functions of prostaglandins? Answer:
bronchoconstriction
vasodilation
inflammatory cell activation
fever
cytoprotective: modulates gastric acid secretion, mucus, and blood flow
⩥ prostacyclin (PGI2) functions? Answer: primary prostaglandin of
vascular endothelium
vasodilation
inhibition of platelet aggregation
⩥ thromboxane functions? Answer: primary eicosanoid of platelets
vasoconstriction
induces platelet aggregation
,⩥ which is weaker TXA2 or TXA3? Answer: TXA3 is weaker than
TXA2
TXA3 has weaker vasoconstriction and platelet aggregation than TXA2
⩥ describe the balance between prostacyclin and thromboxane Answer:
the local balance between prostacyclin and thromboxane is critical in
regulating systemic BP and thrombogenesis
opposing effects between these two
both produce these responses after cox acts on arachidonic acid
prostacyclin - vasodilates, inhibits platelet aggregation
thromboxane - vasoconstricts, promotes platelet aggregation
you don't want one to over power - just the right amount of all to keep
you functioning throughout the day
⩥ Why should we eat fish? Answer: we will then have a greater
concentration in omega 3 fatty acid tails than omega 6
with omega 6 you produce TXA2 (weaker) and PGI2 (more
inflammatory)
decreased vasodilation and increased platelet aggregation and increased
inflammation
with omega 3 you produce TXA3 (stronger) and PGI3 (less
inflammatory)
, increased vasodilation, decreased platelet aggregation, decreased
inflammation
⩥ True or False
TXA3 has weaker vasoconstrictive and platelet aggregation effects than
TXA2 and flips prostacyclin/TXA balance in favor of prostacyclin
Answer: true
⩥ what does the LOX pathway do Answer: converts arachidonic acid
into leukotrienes
LOX are in myeloid cells which are non lymphocyte WBC (monocytes,
macrophages, basohils, mast cells, neutrophils)
not T and B cells
⩥ Leukotriene functions Answer: binds to GPCRs expressed on surface
of WBCs, spleen, thymus, and induce pro-inflammatory effects
chemotaxis and aggregation of neutrophils
increased phagocytosis
increased cytokine production and NK activity
vasoconstriction, bronchoconstriction, increased vascular permeability
leukotrienes circulate, there are a lot of receptors on WBC, but also on
other tissues like the lungs and vascular tissues
