NSG 531 ADVANCED PHARMACOLOGY
EXAM 4 COMPREHENSIVE STUDY GUIDE
2026 QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED
ANSWERS GRADED A+
⩥ Efficiacy. Answer: Maximal response a drug is capable of producing
⩥ Ka. Answer: Volume needed to get one mole of an unbound drug
when 50% of target receptors are occupied. L/mole
⩥ Kd. Answer: Concentration of drug in the plasma when 50% of the
target receptors are occupied. Mole/L
⩥ Non-competitive (irreversible) antagonist LDR curve. Answer: Moves
to the right and down
⩥ Competitive (reversible) antagonist LDR curve. Answer: Moves to the
right and parallel
⩥ Synthesis of NE. Answer: Occurs at adrenergic neuron; Tyrosine to
DOPA to dopamine to NE. Binds to alpha and beta receptors. Degraded
by COMT and MAO.
, ⩥ Bethanechol. Answer: Muscarinic agonist prototype. Selective, binds
to M3 receptors in the bladder and causes bladder muscle contraction
and sphincter relaxation.
Indicated for urinary retention in postop or pp pts.
AEs: salivation, lacrimation, bronchospasm, diarrhea, and bradycardia
⩥ Pilocarpine. Answer: Muscarinic agonist for glaucoma. Causes ciliary
muscle contraction.
⩥ Atropine. Answer: Muscarinic antagonist prototype. Nonselective
competitive muscarinic antagonist.
Indicated for: bradycardia, pupil dilation (mydriasis) for eye exams, GI
hypermotility
Contraindications: Glaucoma, urinary retention, tachycardia
AEs: Dry mouth, blurred vision, urinary retention, constipation,
anhidrosis
⩥ Epinephrine binding affinity. Answer: Binds to all four
adrenoreceptors but has a greater affinity for beta
⩥ NE binding affinity. Answer: Binds to alpha 1, alpha 2, and beta 1 but
has greater affinity for alpha
⩥ Alpha 1 receptors. Answer: Eyes: produce mydriasis
EXAM 4 COMPREHENSIVE STUDY GUIDE
2026 QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED
ANSWERS GRADED A+
⩥ Efficiacy. Answer: Maximal response a drug is capable of producing
⩥ Ka. Answer: Volume needed to get one mole of an unbound drug
when 50% of target receptors are occupied. L/mole
⩥ Kd. Answer: Concentration of drug in the plasma when 50% of the
target receptors are occupied. Mole/L
⩥ Non-competitive (irreversible) antagonist LDR curve. Answer: Moves
to the right and down
⩥ Competitive (reversible) antagonist LDR curve. Answer: Moves to the
right and parallel
⩥ Synthesis of NE. Answer: Occurs at adrenergic neuron; Tyrosine to
DOPA to dopamine to NE. Binds to alpha and beta receptors. Degraded
by COMT and MAO.
, ⩥ Bethanechol. Answer: Muscarinic agonist prototype. Selective, binds
to M3 receptors in the bladder and causes bladder muscle contraction
and sphincter relaxation.
Indicated for urinary retention in postop or pp pts.
AEs: salivation, lacrimation, bronchospasm, diarrhea, and bradycardia
⩥ Pilocarpine. Answer: Muscarinic agonist for glaucoma. Causes ciliary
muscle contraction.
⩥ Atropine. Answer: Muscarinic antagonist prototype. Nonselective
competitive muscarinic antagonist.
Indicated for: bradycardia, pupil dilation (mydriasis) for eye exams, GI
hypermotility
Contraindications: Glaucoma, urinary retention, tachycardia
AEs: Dry mouth, blurred vision, urinary retention, constipation,
anhidrosis
⩥ Epinephrine binding affinity. Answer: Binds to all four
adrenoreceptors but has a greater affinity for beta
⩥ NE binding affinity. Answer: Binds to alpha 1, alpha 2, and beta 1 but
has greater affinity for alpha
⩥ Alpha 1 receptors. Answer: Eyes: produce mydriasis
