HSS 2321 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS WITH ACCURATE
ANSWERS A+ GRADED
What are the value assumptions of contemporary medicine? - ANSWER Mind-body dualism
Physical reductionism
Doctrine of specific etiology
Machine metaphor
Regimen and control
Who specified the value assumptions of contemporary medicine? - ANSWER Freund,
McGuire, and Podhurst 2003
What is Manning and Fabrega's biologistic view of the world - ANSWER 1. Organs and their
specific functions are identifiable and observable as discrete entities
2. Normal functioning of the body occurs the same for everybody unless disturbed by injury
or illness
3. People's sensory experiences are universal
4. Disease and experience of disease do not vary from one culture to another
5. Boundaries between self and body and between self and others are obvious
6. Death is the body's ceasing to function
7. Bodies should be seen objectively to be treated medically
,Much of the research on the "normal" person has been on the ______ person - ANSWER
Male
What is considered a "__________" in one culture may be "________" in another - ANSWER
disease, normal
What did Montini and Slobin show about limitations in closing the gap between published
biomedical research, the scientific treatments documented by such research, and the actual
daily practice of medicine? - ANSWER Closing the gap relates to distinct value differences
between researchers and practitioners
Regarding Value Differences between researchers and practitioners, what is certainty and
uncertainty? - ANSWER Clinicians work involves patients who want and need an immediate
and certain response
Scientific work does not depend on or even expect certainty, so the focus is on probability
Regarding Value Differences between researchers and practitioners, what is evolutionary time
and clinical timeliness? - ANSWER Clinicians must make timely decisions in response to the
expressed and observed needs of individual patients
Scientific truth develops in incremental stages
Regarding Value Differences between researchers and practitioners, what is aggregate
measures and individual prescriptions? - ANSWER Clinicians need to rely on what they know
from experience
, Scientists do not have to rely on experience
Regarding Value Differences between researchers and practitioners, what is scientific
objectivity and clinical experience? - ANSWER Clinicians are faced with a unique and
changing individual and, usually, subjectively experienced symptoms
Scientists try to control all variables
Regarding Value Differences between researchers and practitioners, what is constant change
and standards of treatment? - ANSWER The doctor has to assume that current treatments
will be helpful and have a longer "shelf-life" than frequently changing scientific hypotheses
What is Evidence-based medicine - ANSWER Involves using statistical and other evaluative
techniques to meta-analyze scientific literature in order to inform the everyday practice of
medicine
Why was EBM developed? - ANSWER To bridge the gap between medical science and
medical practice
What are the limitations of EBM? - ANSWER - Published research may not be representative
of the best research
- Some populations are under-studied (some, radicalized groups)
- When researchers are funded by private corporations such as drug companies, published
findings may be restricted to those that support the use of intervention financed by the
company
ANSWERS A+ GRADED
What are the value assumptions of contemporary medicine? - ANSWER Mind-body dualism
Physical reductionism
Doctrine of specific etiology
Machine metaphor
Regimen and control
Who specified the value assumptions of contemporary medicine? - ANSWER Freund,
McGuire, and Podhurst 2003
What is Manning and Fabrega's biologistic view of the world - ANSWER 1. Organs and their
specific functions are identifiable and observable as discrete entities
2. Normal functioning of the body occurs the same for everybody unless disturbed by injury
or illness
3. People's sensory experiences are universal
4. Disease and experience of disease do not vary from one culture to another
5. Boundaries between self and body and between self and others are obvious
6. Death is the body's ceasing to function
7. Bodies should be seen objectively to be treated medically
,Much of the research on the "normal" person has been on the ______ person - ANSWER
Male
What is considered a "__________" in one culture may be "________" in another - ANSWER
disease, normal
What did Montini and Slobin show about limitations in closing the gap between published
biomedical research, the scientific treatments documented by such research, and the actual
daily practice of medicine? - ANSWER Closing the gap relates to distinct value differences
between researchers and practitioners
Regarding Value Differences between researchers and practitioners, what is certainty and
uncertainty? - ANSWER Clinicians work involves patients who want and need an immediate
and certain response
Scientific work does not depend on or even expect certainty, so the focus is on probability
Regarding Value Differences between researchers and practitioners, what is evolutionary time
and clinical timeliness? - ANSWER Clinicians must make timely decisions in response to the
expressed and observed needs of individual patients
Scientific truth develops in incremental stages
Regarding Value Differences between researchers and practitioners, what is aggregate
measures and individual prescriptions? - ANSWER Clinicians need to rely on what they know
from experience
, Scientists do not have to rely on experience
Regarding Value Differences between researchers and practitioners, what is scientific
objectivity and clinical experience? - ANSWER Clinicians are faced with a unique and
changing individual and, usually, subjectively experienced symptoms
Scientists try to control all variables
Regarding Value Differences between researchers and practitioners, what is constant change
and standards of treatment? - ANSWER The doctor has to assume that current treatments
will be helpful and have a longer "shelf-life" than frequently changing scientific hypotheses
What is Evidence-based medicine - ANSWER Involves using statistical and other evaluative
techniques to meta-analyze scientific literature in order to inform the everyday practice of
medicine
Why was EBM developed? - ANSWER To bridge the gap between medical science and
medical practice
What are the limitations of EBM? - ANSWER - Published research may not be representative
of the best research
- Some populations are under-studied (some, radicalized groups)
- When researchers are funded by private corporations such as drug companies, published
findings may be restricted to those that support the use of intervention financed by the
company
