NR602 / NR 602 PRIMARY CARE OF THE
CHILDBEARING AND CHILDREARING
FAMILY PRACTICUM FINAL EXAM STUDY
GUIDE | HIGHLY RATED | LATEST|
CHAMBERLAIN COLLEGE
1. A 3-year-old child presents with eyes that do not align properly, and the
parent reports one eye “wanders” sometimes. Which condition is most
likely?
A. Retinoblastoma
B. Strabismus
C. Conjunctivitis
D. Cataract
Answer: B. Strabismus
Rationale: Strabismus is a defect in ocular alignment, commonly called “lazy eye,”
where the visual axes are not parallel due to uncoordinated eye muscles. It often
presents in early childhood, and one eye may deviate while the other is directed
straight ahead. Early detection and treatment are essential to prevent amblyopia and
preserve vision.
2. Which finding in a pediatric patient should raise concern for
retinoblastoma?
A. Bilateral watery eyes
B. Intermittent white pupil (leukocoria)
C. Red, itchy eyes
D. Epiphora (excessive tearing)
Answer: B. Intermittent white pupil (leukocoria)
,Rationale: Leukocoria, a white pupillary reflex, is the most common clinical sign of
retinoblastoma, a malignant intraocular tumor of the retina. Parents may notice a
“glow” or “cat’s eye reflex” in photographs. Immediate referral to a pediatric
ophthalmologist is critical for diagnosis and treatment.
3. Which symptom is commonly associated with photophobia in children?
A. Conjunctivitis
B. Trauma, glaucoma, or retinal disease
C. Nasolacrimal duct obstruction
D. Chalazion
Answer: B. Trauma, glaucoma, or retinal disease
Rationale: Photophobia (light sensitivity) in infants and children is often linked to
trauma, glaucoma, or retinal disease. Non-ocular causes such as migraines or
meningitis should also be considered. Photophobia with a white pupil warrants urgent
ophthalmologic evaluation.
4. Which of the following is the first recommended ocular screening for all
newborns?
A. Visual acuity testing at age 3
B. Fundoscopic examination within 24 hours of birth
C. Eye alignment test at age 1
D. Conjunctival swab for infection
Answer: B. Fundoscopic examination within 24 hours of birth
Rationale: All newborns should receive a fundoscopic exam within the first 24 hours
to detect conditions such as congenital cataracts, retinoblastoma, or retinal
abnormalities. Annual physical examinations thereafter are recommended to monitor
eye health and visual development.
,5. A child presents with unilateral eye redness, mild swelling, and a tender
nodule on the upper eyelid. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Chalazion
B. Stye (hordeolum)
C. Allergic conjunctivitis
D. Retinoblastoma
Answer: B. Stye (hordeolum)
Rationale: A stye is an acute, tender, localized infection of the eyelid gland, often
presenting with redness, swelling, and tenderness. It usually resolves with warm
compresses, whereas a chalazion is a painless, chronic eyelid nodule caused by
blockage of a meibomian gland.
6. What distinguishes a chalazion from a stye in pediatric patients?
A. Chalazion is tender and red; stye is painless
B. Chalazion is chronic and painless; stye is acute and tender
C. Both are painful and require antibiotics
D. Stye occurs only in children; chalazion occurs only in adults
Answer: B. Chalazion is chronic and painless; stye is acute and tender
Rationale: Chalazion develops slowly and is typically painless due to blockage of a
meibomian gland, whereas a stye is an acute bacterial infection of an eyelash follicle
or gland, presenting with pain, redness, and tenderness.
7. A 6-month-old presents with persistent tearing and mucoid discharge.
What is the most likely cause?
A. Viral conjunctivitis
, B. Nasolacrimal duct obstruction
C. Bacterial conjunctivitis
D. Retinoblastoma
Answer: B. Nasolacrimal duct obstruction
Rationale: Congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction is common in infants and
presents with tearing (epiphora) and mucoid discharge. Most cases resolve
spontaneously by 12 months; persistent cases may require massage or surgical
intervention.
8. A 4-year-old presents with itchy, watery eyes during spring. What is the
most likely cause?
A. Bacterial conjunctivitis
B. Allergic conjunctivitis
C. Retinoblastoma
D. Strabismus
Answer: B. Allergic conjunctivitis
Rationale: Allergic conjunctivitis often presents seasonally with pruritus, watery
discharge, and bilateral eye involvement. It is non-infectious and typically associated
with other atopic symptoms such as rhinitis or eczema. Management includes avoiding
allergens and using antihistamine eye drops.
9. Which of the following is a serious sign requiring urgent referral in a
pediatric patient?
A. Watery discharge from the eye
B. Painless red eyelid swelling
C. Leukocoria
D. Mild conjunctival injection
Answer: C. Leukocoria
CHILDBEARING AND CHILDREARING
FAMILY PRACTICUM FINAL EXAM STUDY
GUIDE | HIGHLY RATED | LATEST|
CHAMBERLAIN COLLEGE
1. A 3-year-old child presents with eyes that do not align properly, and the
parent reports one eye “wanders” sometimes. Which condition is most
likely?
A. Retinoblastoma
B. Strabismus
C. Conjunctivitis
D. Cataract
Answer: B. Strabismus
Rationale: Strabismus is a defect in ocular alignment, commonly called “lazy eye,”
where the visual axes are not parallel due to uncoordinated eye muscles. It often
presents in early childhood, and one eye may deviate while the other is directed
straight ahead. Early detection and treatment are essential to prevent amblyopia and
preserve vision.
2. Which finding in a pediatric patient should raise concern for
retinoblastoma?
A. Bilateral watery eyes
B. Intermittent white pupil (leukocoria)
C. Red, itchy eyes
D. Epiphora (excessive tearing)
Answer: B. Intermittent white pupil (leukocoria)
,Rationale: Leukocoria, a white pupillary reflex, is the most common clinical sign of
retinoblastoma, a malignant intraocular tumor of the retina. Parents may notice a
“glow” or “cat’s eye reflex” in photographs. Immediate referral to a pediatric
ophthalmologist is critical for diagnosis and treatment.
3. Which symptom is commonly associated with photophobia in children?
A. Conjunctivitis
B. Trauma, glaucoma, or retinal disease
C. Nasolacrimal duct obstruction
D. Chalazion
Answer: B. Trauma, glaucoma, or retinal disease
Rationale: Photophobia (light sensitivity) in infants and children is often linked to
trauma, glaucoma, or retinal disease. Non-ocular causes such as migraines or
meningitis should also be considered. Photophobia with a white pupil warrants urgent
ophthalmologic evaluation.
4. Which of the following is the first recommended ocular screening for all
newborns?
A. Visual acuity testing at age 3
B. Fundoscopic examination within 24 hours of birth
C. Eye alignment test at age 1
D. Conjunctival swab for infection
Answer: B. Fundoscopic examination within 24 hours of birth
Rationale: All newborns should receive a fundoscopic exam within the first 24 hours
to detect conditions such as congenital cataracts, retinoblastoma, or retinal
abnormalities. Annual physical examinations thereafter are recommended to monitor
eye health and visual development.
,5. A child presents with unilateral eye redness, mild swelling, and a tender
nodule on the upper eyelid. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Chalazion
B. Stye (hordeolum)
C. Allergic conjunctivitis
D. Retinoblastoma
Answer: B. Stye (hordeolum)
Rationale: A stye is an acute, tender, localized infection of the eyelid gland, often
presenting with redness, swelling, and tenderness. It usually resolves with warm
compresses, whereas a chalazion is a painless, chronic eyelid nodule caused by
blockage of a meibomian gland.
6. What distinguishes a chalazion from a stye in pediatric patients?
A. Chalazion is tender and red; stye is painless
B. Chalazion is chronic and painless; stye is acute and tender
C. Both are painful and require antibiotics
D. Stye occurs only in children; chalazion occurs only in adults
Answer: B. Chalazion is chronic and painless; stye is acute and tender
Rationale: Chalazion develops slowly and is typically painless due to blockage of a
meibomian gland, whereas a stye is an acute bacterial infection of an eyelash follicle
or gland, presenting with pain, redness, and tenderness.
7. A 6-month-old presents with persistent tearing and mucoid discharge.
What is the most likely cause?
A. Viral conjunctivitis
, B. Nasolacrimal duct obstruction
C. Bacterial conjunctivitis
D. Retinoblastoma
Answer: B. Nasolacrimal duct obstruction
Rationale: Congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction is common in infants and
presents with tearing (epiphora) and mucoid discharge. Most cases resolve
spontaneously by 12 months; persistent cases may require massage or surgical
intervention.
8. A 4-year-old presents with itchy, watery eyes during spring. What is the
most likely cause?
A. Bacterial conjunctivitis
B. Allergic conjunctivitis
C. Retinoblastoma
D. Strabismus
Answer: B. Allergic conjunctivitis
Rationale: Allergic conjunctivitis often presents seasonally with pruritus, watery
discharge, and bilateral eye involvement. It is non-infectious and typically associated
with other atopic symptoms such as rhinitis or eczema. Management includes avoiding
allergens and using antihistamine eye drops.
9. Which of the following is a serious sign requiring urgent referral in a
pediatric patient?
A. Watery discharge from the eye
B. Painless red eyelid swelling
C. Leukocoria
D. Mild conjunctival injection
Answer: C. Leukocoria
