Pharmacology NURS 251 Module 6 Exam | Most
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Examples of penicillin
penicillin, cloxacillin, amoxicillin, or piperacillin/tazobactam
Examples of Cephalosporin
cephalexin, cefoxitin, ceftazidime, cefepime, or ceftaroline
Examples of macrolides
erythromycin, azithromycin, or clarithromycin
Examples of tetracycline
doxycycline, minocycline, or tigecycline
,Examples of aminoglycosides
Amikacin, tobramycin
Examples of fluoroquinolone
ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin.
Define Beta Lactam antibiotics.
Beta Lactam antibiotics include penicillins and cephalosporins. Beta
Lactam Antibiotics are named such because of the presence of a
beta-lactam ring as a part of their chemical structure. They share a
common structure and mechanism of action.
Explain the spectrum of activity of cephalosporins specifically as it
relates to the different generations.
They can destroy a wide range of bacteria related to the generation that
they fall into.
In general, the amount of gram-negative coverage increases with each
generation. The first generation have the most gram-positive
coverage and the last generation has the most gram-negative
coverage. The only generation with any anaerobic coverage is the
second generation. The fifth generation has the broadest covering
gram positive (including MRSA) and gram negative.
, Common adverse and toxic effects of sulfonamides
Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea. A more serious adverse effects is in the
presence of dehydration the sulfonamide can crystalize in the kidney and
cause damage.
Allergic reactions are relatively common. Allergic reaction includes rash,
itching, sensitivity to the sun. There is also risk of Stevens-Johnson
Syndrome a serious, sometimes fatal skin reaction.
They should also not be used in pregnant women at term or infants
younger than 2 months.
Common adverse and toxic effects of penicillins
nausea and rashes. Diarrhea is common with oral administration.
allergy to penicillins. This is the drug class with the highest incidence of
drug allergy.
Common adverse and toxic effects of cephalosporins
mild diarrhea, abdominal cramps, rash, itching, redness, and edema.
cross sensitivity to penicillin in 1-4% of patients.
Common adverse and toxic effects of macrolides
nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea and minor skin rashes.
Recent Exam 2026 | Actual Complete Real Exam
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Examples of penicillin
penicillin, cloxacillin, amoxicillin, or piperacillin/tazobactam
Examples of Cephalosporin
cephalexin, cefoxitin, ceftazidime, cefepime, or ceftaroline
Examples of macrolides
erythromycin, azithromycin, or clarithromycin
Examples of tetracycline
doxycycline, minocycline, or tigecycline
,Examples of aminoglycosides
Amikacin, tobramycin
Examples of fluoroquinolone
ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin.
Define Beta Lactam antibiotics.
Beta Lactam antibiotics include penicillins and cephalosporins. Beta
Lactam Antibiotics are named such because of the presence of a
beta-lactam ring as a part of their chemical structure. They share a
common structure and mechanism of action.
Explain the spectrum of activity of cephalosporins specifically as it
relates to the different generations.
They can destroy a wide range of bacteria related to the generation that
they fall into.
In general, the amount of gram-negative coverage increases with each
generation. The first generation have the most gram-positive
coverage and the last generation has the most gram-negative
coverage. The only generation with any anaerobic coverage is the
second generation. The fifth generation has the broadest covering
gram positive (including MRSA) and gram negative.
, Common adverse and toxic effects of sulfonamides
Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea. A more serious adverse effects is in the
presence of dehydration the sulfonamide can crystalize in the kidney and
cause damage.
Allergic reactions are relatively common. Allergic reaction includes rash,
itching, sensitivity to the sun. There is also risk of Stevens-Johnson
Syndrome a serious, sometimes fatal skin reaction.
They should also not be used in pregnant women at term or infants
younger than 2 months.
Common adverse and toxic effects of penicillins
nausea and rashes. Diarrhea is common with oral administration.
allergy to penicillins. This is the drug class with the highest incidence of
drug allergy.
Common adverse and toxic effects of cephalosporins
mild diarrhea, abdominal cramps, rash, itching, redness, and edema.
cross sensitivity to penicillin in 1-4% of patients.
Common adverse and toxic effects of macrolides
nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea and minor skin rashes.
