NURS 405 EXAM 2026 Update Questions with
complete solutions.
delegation
process of transferring to a competent person the authority to perform a selected nursing task or
activity in a selected patient care setting
5 rights of delegation
1. Right task
2. Right circumstance
3. Right person
4. Right communication
5. Right supervision
Principles of ethics
autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, justice
Polypharmacy
use of multiple medications
Legal competency
Competent in the eyes of the law
18 years old or older
A pregnant or married minor
Emancipated minor
,Clinical competency
legally competent and ability to make appropriate decisions
Geriatric depression scale
a tool to assess for risk of depression in older adults
On the geriatric depression scale, a score of > or = to 10 is
almost always indicative of depression
Inflammation
a syndrome of normal tissue responses to cellular injury, allergy, or pathogen presence
Immunity
Protection from illness or disease that is maintained by the body's physiologic defense
mechanisms
In the geriatric population, why is there a higher incidence of tumors?
the immune system is slower to respond and there is a decrease in the ability to detect cellular
changes
True or false:
Aging does not affect the bone marrow.
true
Autoimmunity
,reaction of immune response to one's own tissues
HIV
an obligate virus infection that causes impaired immunity
AIDS
used to describe the immune system deficits with opportunistic infections
True or false:
All people who have HIV have AIDS
False
As CD4+ lymphocyte count decreases, viral load ________.
increases
What is a normal T-cell count?
800-1200 cells / microliter
With HIV, immune problems begin when CD4+ levels drop to
200-500
What stage of HIV is a person diagnosed with AIDS?
- Stage HIV-III
- less than 200 CD4+ count or less than 14% or opportunistic infection
HIV can be transmitted through
, - sexual contact
- parenteral (blood transfusion)
- perinatal
NRTIs (nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors)
Medication that interferes with the action of HIV protein reverse transcriptase, which the virus
needs to make new copies of itself.
NNRTIs (non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors)
Medication that stops replication within cells by inhibiting the reverse transcriptase protein
Protease inhibitors (PI)
Medication that inhibits protease, another protein involved in replication
Fusion or entry inhibitors
Medication that prevents HIV from binding to or entering human immune cells
Integrase inhibitors
interfere with the integrase enzyme, needed to insert genetic material into human cells
Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome (IRIS)
exaggerated inflammatory response after immune system starts to recover
Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP)
- Prevent HIV infection
- Truvada and Discovy (emtricitabine and tenofovir)
complete solutions.
delegation
process of transferring to a competent person the authority to perform a selected nursing task or
activity in a selected patient care setting
5 rights of delegation
1. Right task
2. Right circumstance
3. Right person
4. Right communication
5. Right supervision
Principles of ethics
autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, justice
Polypharmacy
use of multiple medications
Legal competency
Competent in the eyes of the law
18 years old or older
A pregnant or married minor
Emancipated minor
,Clinical competency
legally competent and ability to make appropriate decisions
Geriatric depression scale
a tool to assess for risk of depression in older adults
On the geriatric depression scale, a score of > or = to 10 is
almost always indicative of depression
Inflammation
a syndrome of normal tissue responses to cellular injury, allergy, or pathogen presence
Immunity
Protection from illness or disease that is maintained by the body's physiologic defense
mechanisms
In the geriatric population, why is there a higher incidence of tumors?
the immune system is slower to respond and there is a decrease in the ability to detect cellular
changes
True or false:
Aging does not affect the bone marrow.
true
Autoimmunity
,reaction of immune response to one's own tissues
HIV
an obligate virus infection that causes impaired immunity
AIDS
used to describe the immune system deficits with opportunistic infections
True or false:
All people who have HIV have AIDS
False
As CD4+ lymphocyte count decreases, viral load ________.
increases
What is a normal T-cell count?
800-1200 cells / microliter
With HIV, immune problems begin when CD4+ levels drop to
200-500
What stage of HIV is a person diagnosed with AIDS?
- Stage HIV-III
- less than 200 CD4+ count or less than 14% or opportunistic infection
HIV can be transmitted through
, - sexual contact
- parenteral (blood transfusion)
- perinatal
NRTIs (nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors)
Medication that interferes with the action of HIV protein reverse transcriptase, which the virus
needs to make new copies of itself.
NNRTIs (non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors)
Medication that stops replication within cells by inhibiting the reverse transcriptase protein
Protease inhibitors (PI)
Medication that inhibits protease, another protein involved in replication
Fusion or entry inhibitors
Medication that prevents HIV from binding to or entering human immune cells
Integrase inhibitors
interfere with the integrase enzyme, needed to insert genetic material into human cells
Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome (IRIS)
exaggerated inflammatory response after immune system starts to recover
Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP)
- Prevent HIV infection
- Truvada and Discovy (emtricitabine and tenofovir)
