Module 1: Overview of Internet
Introduction to Internet and WWW, Concept of Networking and Layers of OSI
Model, Internet protocols like TCP/IP, http, telnet and ftp, URL, email, domain
name, Web Browsers.
Introduction to Internet :
The internet is a global network of interconnected computers and servers that
allows people to communicate, share information, and access resources from
anywhere in the world. It was created in the 1960s by the US Department of
Defense as a way to connect computers and share information between
researchers and scientists.
The World Wide Web, or simply the web, is a system of interconnected
documents and resources, linked together by hyperlinks and URLs. It was created
by Tim Berners-Lee in 1989 as a way for scientists to share information more
easily. The web quickly grew to become the most popular way to access
information on the internet.
Together, the internet and the web have revolutionized the way we communicate,
do business, and access information. They have made it possible for people all
over the world to connect with each other instantly and have transformed many
industries, from media and entertainment to education and healthcare.
1. The Internet:
In simplest terms, the Internet is a global network comprised of smaller networks
that are interconnected using standardized communication protocols. The
Internet standards describe a framework known as the Internet protocol suite.
This model divides methods into a layered system of protocols.
These layers are as follows:
1. Application layer (highest) - concerned with the data(URL, type, etc.).
This is where HTTP, HTTPS, etc., comes in.
2. Transport layer - responsible for end-to-end communication over a
network.
3. Network layer - provides data route.
The Internet provides a variety of information and communication facilities;
contains forums, databases, email, hypertext, etc. It consists of private, public,
academic, business, and government networks of local to global scope, linked by a
broad array of electronic, wireless, and optical networking technologies.
,2. The World Wide Web: The Web is a major means of access information on the
Internet. It's a system of Internet servers that support specially formatted
documents. The documents are formatted in a markup language called HTML, or
"HyperText Markup Language", which supports a number of features including
links and multimedia. These documents are interlinked using hypertext links and
are accessible via the Internet.
To link hypertext to the Internet, we need:
1. The markup language, i.e., HTML.
2. The transfer protocol, e.g., HTTP.
3. Uniform Resource Locator (URL), the address of the resource.
We access the Web using Web browsers.
Difference between Web and Internet:
Internet Web
The Internet is the network of
networks and the network
allows to exchange of data
The Web is a way to access information
between two or more
through the Internet.
computers.
The Web is a model for sharing information
using the
It is also known as the Network
Internet.
of Networks.
The Internet is a way of
transporting information The protocol used by the web is HTTP.
between devices.
Accessible in a variety of ways. The Web is accessed by the Web Browser.
Network protocols are used to Accesses documents and online sites
transport data. through browsers.
, Internet Web
Global network of networks Collection of interconnected websites
Access Can be accessed using
Accessed through a web browser
various devices
Connectivity Network of
Connectivity Allows users to access and
networks that allows devices to
view web pages, multimedia content, and
communicate and exchange
other resources over the Internet
data
Protocols TCP/IP, FTP, SMTP,
Protocols HTTP, HTTPS, FTP, SMTP, etc.
POP3, etc.
Infrastructure Consists of
Infrastructure Consists of web servers, web
routers, switches, servers, and
browsers, and other software and hardware
other networking hardware
Used for communication,
Used for publishing and accessing web
sharing of resources, and
pages, multimedia content, and other
accessing information from
resources on the Internet
around the world
No single creator Creator Tim Berners-Lee
Provides the underlying Provides a platform for publishing and
infrastructure for the Web, accessing information and resources on the
email, and other online services Internet
URI: URI stands for 'Uniform Resource Identifier'. A URI can be a name, locator,
or both for an online resource whereas a URL is just the locator. URLs are a subset
of URIs. A URL is a human-readable text that was designed to replace the
numbers (IP addresses) that computers use to communicate with servers.
A URL consists of a protocol, domain name, and path (which includes the specific
subfolder structure where a page is located) like-
protocol://WebSiteName.topLevelDomain/path
1. Protocol - HTTP or HTTPS.
Introduction to Internet and WWW, Concept of Networking and Layers of OSI
Model, Internet protocols like TCP/IP, http, telnet and ftp, URL, email, domain
name, Web Browsers.
Introduction to Internet :
The internet is a global network of interconnected computers and servers that
allows people to communicate, share information, and access resources from
anywhere in the world. It was created in the 1960s by the US Department of
Defense as a way to connect computers and share information between
researchers and scientists.
The World Wide Web, or simply the web, is a system of interconnected
documents and resources, linked together by hyperlinks and URLs. It was created
by Tim Berners-Lee in 1989 as a way for scientists to share information more
easily. The web quickly grew to become the most popular way to access
information on the internet.
Together, the internet and the web have revolutionized the way we communicate,
do business, and access information. They have made it possible for people all
over the world to connect with each other instantly and have transformed many
industries, from media and entertainment to education and healthcare.
1. The Internet:
In simplest terms, the Internet is a global network comprised of smaller networks
that are interconnected using standardized communication protocols. The
Internet standards describe a framework known as the Internet protocol suite.
This model divides methods into a layered system of protocols.
These layers are as follows:
1. Application layer (highest) - concerned with the data(URL, type, etc.).
This is where HTTP, HTTPS, etc., comes in.
2. Transport layer - responsible for end-to-end communication over a
network.
3. Network layer - provides data route.
The Internet provides a variety of information and communication facilities;
contains forums, databases, email, hypertext, etc. It consists of private, public,
academic, business, and government networks of local to global scope, linked by a
broad array of electronic, wireless, and optical networking technologies.
,2. The World Wide Web: The Web is a major means of access information on the
Internet. It's a system of Internet servers that support specially formatted
documents. The documents are formatted in a markup language called HTML, or
"HyperText Markup Language", which supports a number of features including
links and multimedia. These documents are interlinked using hypertext links and
are accessible via the Internet.
To link hypertext to the Internet, we need:
1. The markup language, i.e., HTML.
2. The transfer protocol, e.g., HTTP.
3. Uniform Resource Locator (URL), the address of the resource.
We access the Web using Web browsers.
Difference between Web and Internet:
Internet Web
The Internet is the network of
networks and the network
allows to exchange of data
The Web is a way to access information
between two or more
through the Internet.
computers.
The Web is a model for sharing information
using the
It is also known as the Network
Internet.
of Networks.
The Internet is a way of
transporting information The protocol used by the web is HTTP.
between devices.
Accessible in a variety of ways. The Web is accessed by the Web Browser.
Network protocols are used to Accesses documents and online sites
transport data. through browsers.
, Internet Web
Global network of networks Collection of interconnected websites
Access Can be accessed using
Accessed through a web browser
various devices
Connectivity Network of
Connectivity Allows users to access and
networks that allows devices to
view web pages, multimedia content, and
communicate and exchange
other resources over the Internet
data
Protocols TCP/IP, FTP, SMTP,
Protocols HTTP, HTTPS, FTP, SMTP, etc.
POP3, etc.
Infrastructure Consists of
Infrastructure Consists of web servers, web
routers, switches, servers, and
browsers, and other software and hardware
other networking hardware
Used for communication,
Used for publishing and accessing web
sharing of resources, and
pages, multimedia content, and other
accessing information from
resources on the Internet
around the world
No single creator Creator Tim Berners-Lee
Provides the underlying Provides a platform for publishing and
infrastructure for the Web, accessing information and resources on the
email, and other online services Internet
URI: URI stands for 'Uniform Resource Identifier'. A URI can be a name, locator,
or both for an online resource whereas a URL is just the locator. URLs are a subset
of URIs. A URL is a human-readable text that was designed to replace the
numbers (IP addresses) that computers use to communicate with servers.
A URL consists of a protocol, domain name, and path (which includes the specific
subfolder structure where a page is located) like-
protocol://WebSiteName.topLevelDomain/path
1. Protocol - HTTP or HTTPS.
