BIO 1314 Final Exam Questions And
Answers
/. Atom - Answer-✅Smallest unit of matter (e.g., carbon, hydrogen).
/.Molecule - Answer-✅Two or more atoms bonded (e.g., water, glucose).
/.Cell organelle - Answer-✅Specialized structures inside cells (e.g., mitochondria,
nucleus).
/.Cell - Answer-✅Basic unit of life (e.g., muscle cell, neuron).
/.Tissue - Answer-✅Groups of similar cells performing a function (e.g., epithelial tissue,
muscle tissue).
/.Organ - Answer-✅Structure made of tissues with specific functions (e.g., heart, lungs).
/.Organ system - Answer-✅Group of organs working together (e.g., digestive system,
nervous system).
/.Organism - Answer-✅A living individual (e.g., human being).
/.Homeostasis - Answer-✅The body's ability to maintain stable internal conditions (e.g.,
regulating blood glucose, body temperature).
/.Stress - Answer-✅Any stimulus that disrupts homeostasis (e.g., infection, dehydration,
emotional stress).
/.Receptor - Answer-✅Detects change.
/.Control center - Answer-✅Processes info, decides response.
/.Effector - Answer-✅Carries out response.
/.Negative feedback - Answer-✅Reverses a change to restore balance (e.g., sweating
lowers body temperature).
/.Positive feedback - Answer-✅Amplifies a change until completion (e.g., oxytocin
release during childbirth contractions).
, /.Observation - Answer-✅Noticing phenomena (e.g., plants lean toward light).
/.Hypothesis - Answer-✅Testable explanation (e.g., 'Light direction influences plant
growth').
/.Experimentation - Answer-✅Controlled testing.
/.Variables - Answer-✅Independent (light direction), dependent (plant growth),
controlled (soil, water).
/.Experimental group - Answer-✅Receives treatment (plants exposed to angled light).
/.Control group - Answer-✅Standard conditions (plants with overhead light).
/.Conclusions - Answer-✅Results support or refute hypothesis.
/.Inductive reasoning - Answer-✅Drawing general principles from specific observations.
/.Placebo - Answer-✅An inactive substance or treatment given to control groups in
experiments to measure psychological or expectation effects.
/.Ionic bonds - Answer-✅Transfer of electrons (e.g., NaCl).
/.Covalent bonds - Answer-✅Sharing of electrons (e.g., H₂O, CO₂).
/.Hydrogen bonds - Answer-✅Weak attraction between polar molecules (important in
water and DNA).
/.Acids - Answer-✅Release H⁺ ions, pH < 7 (e.g., stomach acid, lemon juice).
/.Bases - Answer-✅Release OH⁻ ions, pH > 7 (e.g., ammonia, baking soda).
/.Neutral - Answer-✅pH = 7 (pure water).
/.Polarity - Answer-✅Unequal charge distribution, allows hydrogen bonding.
/.Cohesion - Answer-✅Water molecules stick together (surface tension).
/.Adhesion - Answer-✅Water sticks to other surfaces (capillary action in vessels).
/.High specific heat - Answer-✅Resists temperature change, stabilizes body temp.
/.High heat of vaporization - Answer-✅Sweating cools body.
Answers
/. Atom - Answer-✅Smallest unit of matter (e.g., carbon, hydrogen).
/.Molecule - Answer-✅Two or more atoms bonded (e.g., water, glucose).
/.Cell organelle - Answer-✅Specialized structures inside cells (e.g., mitochondria,
nucleus).
/.Cell - Answer-✅Basic unit of life (e.g., muscle cell, neuron).
/.Tissue - Answer-✅Groups of similar cells performing a function (e.g., epithelial tissue,
muscle tissue).
/.Organ - Answer-✅Structure made of tissues with specific functions (e.g., heart, lungs).
/.Organ system - Answer-✅Group of organs working together (e.g., digestive system,
nervous system).
/.Organism - Answer-✅A living individual (e.g., human being).
/.Homeostasis - Answer-✅The body's ability to maintain stable internal conditions (e.g.,
regulating blood glucose, body temperature).
/.Stress - Answer-✅Any stimulus that disrupts homeostasis (e.g., infection, dehydration,
emotional stress).
/.Receptor - Answer-✅Detects change.
/.Control center - Answer-✅Processes info, decides response.
/.Effector - Answer-✅Carries out response.
/.Negative feedback - Answer-✅Reverses a change to restore balance (e.g., sweating
lowers body temperature).
/.Positive feedback - Answer-✅Amplifies a change until completion (e.g., oxytocin
release during childbirth contractions).
, /.Observation - Answer-✅Noticing phenomena (e.g., plants lean toward light).
/.Hypothesis - Answer-✅Testable explanation (e.g., 'Light direction influences plant
growth').
/.Experimentation - Answer-✅Controlled testing.
/.Variables - Answer-✅Independent (light direction), dependent (plant growth),
controlled (soil, water).
/.Experimental group - Answer-✅Receives treatment (plants exposed to angled light).
/.Control group - Answer-✅Standard conditions (plants with overhead light).
/.Conclusions - Answer-✅Results support or refute hypothesis.
/.Inductive reasoning - Answer-✅Drawing general principles from specific observations.
/.Placebo - Answer-✅An inactive substance or treatment given to control groups in
experiments to measure psychological or expectation effects.
/.Ionic bonds - Answer-✅Transfer of electrons (e.g., NaCl).
/.Covalent bonds - Answer-✅Sharing of electrons (e.g., H₂O, CO₂).
/.Hydrogen bonds - Answer-✅Weak attraction between polar molecules (important in
water and DNA).
/.Acids - Answer-✅Release H⁺ ions, pH < 7 (e.g., stomach acid, lemon juice).
/.Bases - Answer-✅Release OH⁻ ions, pH > 7 (e.g., ammonia, baking soda).
/.Neutral - Answer-✅pH = 7 (pure water).
/.Polarity - Answer-✅Unequal charge distribution, allows hydrogen bonding.
/.Cohesion - Answer-✅Water molecules stick together (surface tension).
/.Adhesion - Answer-✅Water sticks to other surfaces (capillary action in vessels).
/.High specific heat - Answer-✅Resists temperature change, stabilizes body temp.
/.High heat of vaporization - Answer-✅Sweating cools body.
